# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 20.95817378 50 20.67842415 100 20.49708626 150 20.5101162 200 20.77142857 250 20.37491456 300 20.44297282 350 20.32789842 400 20.3454029 450 20.47253293 500 20.17028477 550 20.33196866 600 20.37642685 650 20.5768748 700 20.51963621 750 20.34151686 800 20.35714286 850 20.46949793 900 20.74232528 950 20.74555366 1000 20.36019572 1050 20.39295232 1100 20.57211162 1150 20.26395353 1200 20.90188278 1250 20.32571003 1300 20.3142724 1350 20.42549146 1400 20.32937069 1450 20.34955395 1500 20.5208695 1550 20.6360352 1600 20.19200339 1650 20.60404069 1700 20.76018649 1750 20.12441368 1800 20.27469872 1850 20.34611876 1900 20.35229484 1950 20.53394421 2000 20.47026602 2050 20.35714286 2100 20.35714286 2150 20.35714286 2200 20.29230427 2250 20.19914537 2300 20.10598647 2350 20.04431528 2400 20.13747418 2450 20.23063308 2500 20.32379197 2550 20.43255296 2600 20.55001418 2650 20.66747539 2700 20.76164689 2750 20.67658876 2800 20.59153064 2850 20.50647252 2900 20.52144275 2950 20.60650087 3000 20.69155899 3050 20.76426344 3100 20.64680222 3150 20.529341 3200 20.41187978 3250 20.34632771 3300 20.32607463 3350 20.30582155 3400 20.28702661 3450 20.46929402 3500 20.65156142 3550 20.83382883 3600 20.84104662 3650 20.65877921 3700 20.47651181 3750 20.2942444 3800 20.32797932 3850 20.37231947 3900 20.41665962 3950 20.46099977 4000 20.31136617 4050 20.10207955 4100 19.89279293 4150 19.90161186 4200 19.97877854 4250 20.05594523 4300 20.13311192 4350 20.20452259 4400 20.23847593 4450 20.27242927 4500 20.30638261 4550 20.34033595 4600 20.39611203 4650 20.47327872 4700 20.55044541 4750 20.62761209 4800 20.70477878 4850 20.63309401 4900 20.54049399 4950 20.44789397 5000 20.35529394 5050 20.32366167 5100 20.47630601 5150 20.62895035 5200 20.77409118 5250 20.8140703 5300 20.85404941 5350 20.89402853 5400 20.93400765 5450 20.97398676 5500 21.01396588 5550 20.93161241 5600 20.84827239 5650 20.76493237 5700 20.68159235 5750 20.60274405 5800 20.5317507 5850 20.46075734 5900 20.38976399 5950 20.31877064 6000 20.31096871 6050 20.32587995 6100 20.34079119 6150 20.35570243 6200 20.35714286 6250 20.35714286 6300 20.35714286 6350 20.46069437 6400 20.64938153 6450 20.83806868 6500 20.77400915 6550 20.65566681 6600 20.53732446 6650 20.41898211 6700 20.38927358 6750 20.37649794 6800 20.36372231 6850 20.34888079 6900 20.33184559 6950 20.3148104 7000 20.3294768 7050 20.55517967 7100 20.78088254 7150 21.00658541 7200 20.84011634 7250 20.560443 7300 20.28076966 7350 20.00109632 7400 20.1217409 7450 20.26568441 7500 20.40962792 7550 20.55357143 7600 20.69751494 7650 20.69262629 7700 20.61929658 7750 20.54596687 7800 20.47263715 7850 20.39930744 7900 20.37235907 7950 20.40816192 8000 20.44396477 8050 20.47976762 8100 20.51557047 8150 20.55137332 8200 20.58717617 8250 20.62297902 8300 20.61945471 8350 20.60865036 8400 20.597846 8450 20.58704165 8500 20.5762373 8550 20.56543294 8600 20.55462859 8650 20.54382423 8700 20.53301988 8750 20.52221552 8800 20.51141117 8850 20.50060681 8900 20.48980246 8950 20.4789981 9000 20.46848786 9050 20.45866586 9100 20.44884385 9150 20.43902185 9200 20.42919984 9250 20.41937783 9300 20.40955583 9350 20.39973382 9400 20.38991182 9450 20.38008981 9500 20.37026781 9550 20.3604458 9600 20.3506238 9650 20.34080179 9700 20.33097978 9750 20.34339893 9800 20.36304321 9850 20.38268749 9900 20.40233178 9950 20.42197606 10000 20.44162034 10050 20.46126462 10100 20.46194824 10150 20.44230396 10200 20.42265968 10250 20.4030154 10300 20.38337112 10350 20.36372683 10400 20.34408255 10450 20.31865213 10500 20.27150715 10550 20.22436217 10600 20.17721719 10650 20.13007221 10700 20.08292723 10750 20.03578225 10800 19.98863727 10850 20.0741607 10900 20.16845325 10950 20.2627458 11000 20.35703835