# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) alkenone (°C) 1007 28.17 1308 28.26 1510 28.48 1812 28.14 2013 28.21 2315 28.42 2617 28.45 2919 28.32 3020 28.06 3322 28.49 3523 28.4 3825 28.42 4026 28.24 4328 28.36 4630 28.34 4649 28.1 4668 28.06 4696 28.34 4725 28.19 4753 28.27 4762 27.98 4791 27.61 4819 28.08 4838 27.47 4885 28.21 4933 28.12 4951 27.69 4989 27.52 5008 27.64 5037 27.77 5046 27.33 5074 27.2 5103 27.46 5131 27.3 5141 27.9 5169 27.46 5197 27.6 5226 27.45 5235 27.7 5263 27.2 5292 27.64 5320 27.55 5330 27.75 5358 27.39 5386 27.65 5415 27.22 5424 27.74 5453 27.26 5481 27.29 5509 27.35 5519 27.67 5547 27.46 5575 27.33 5604 27.34 5613 27.63 5642 27.52 5670 27.54 5698 27.61 5707 27.75 5735 27.52 5763 27.56 5790 27.55 5827 27.34 5874 27.51 5892 27.73 5920 27.63 5948 27.43 5975 27.55 5985 27.48 6012 27.35 6040 27.37 6241 26.96 6307 27.28 6575 27.27 6708 27.39 6909 26.87 7043 27.62 7176 26.63 7377 27.12 7577 26.49 7644 27.31 7845 26.88 8045 26.6 8246 26.79 8312 NaN 8513 26.86 8713 27.21 8914 27.15 8981 26.22 9181 26.95 9382 27.23 9582 26.77 9649 27.16 9850 26.77 10050 27.12 10214 NaN 10268 27.22 10432 26.88 10596 26.9 10760 26.55 10978 25.97 11361 26.29 11744 26.58 11881 25.24 12019 25.88 12224 25.39 12430 26.01 12646 25.3 12719 25.19 12935 25.46 13151 25.69 13296 25.79 13440 25.84 13656 25.64 13873 25.97 14017 25.12 14161 24.91 14378 25.29 14594 25.4 14739 25.51 14883 25.28 15099 26.05 15316 26.34 15460 26.17 15604 26.03 15821 25.49 16037 26.38 16181 26.59 16326 25.8 16542 26.2 16759 27.02 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27.84 97110 27.79 97394 27.63 97488 27.71 97772 27.51 98055 27.5 98339 27.55 98433 27.75 98717 27.58 99000 27.7 99800 27.6 100067 27.83 100867 27.53 101667 27.42 102467 27.34 102733 27.8 103533 27.37 104333 27.46 105133 27.16 105400 27.71 106200 26.56 107000 27.51 107584 26.86 107779 27.9 108364 26.16 108948 27.51 109532 27.46 109727 27.73 110312 27.33 111675 28.16 112260 28.43 112844 28.33 113429 28.32 113623 28.45 114208 28.59 114792 28.55 115377 28.39 115571 28.62 116156 28.31 116740 28.15 117325 28.39 117519 28.33 118104 28.22 118688 28.27 119273 28.33 119468 28.44 120247 28.08 120636 28.25 121221 28.37 121416 28.5 122000 28 122582 28.17 123164 28.26 123358 28.34 123940 28.01 124522 28.18 125104 27.76 125299 28.42 125881 27.65 126463 27.92 127045 27.75 127239 28.04 127821 27.82 128403 27.81 128985 27.77 129761 27.56 130731 27.34 131119 27.54 131701 27.46 132478 27.47 132672 27.47 133060 28.12 133642 27.44 134612 27.63 134806 27.42 135000 27.5 135828 27.2 137207 27.15 137483 27.13 137759 27.37 138586 27.01 139966 27.14 140241 26.97 140517 27 141345 26.66 142724 26.78 143000 26.53 143276 27.01 144103 26.71 145483 26.9 145759 26.56 146034 26.84 146862 NaN 148241 26.81 148517 NaN 148793 26.68 149621 NaN 151000 26.75 151217 NaN 151435 26.74 152087 NaN 153174 27 153391 NaN 153609 26.63 154261 NaN 155783 26.32 156435 NaN 156870 26.41 157739 NaN 157957 26.29 158609 NaN 159043 26.33 159913 NaN 160130 26.84 160783 NaN 161217 27.13 162087 NaN 162304 27.8 162957 NaN 163391 27.13 164261 NaN 164478 27.55 165130 NaN 165565 27.43 166435 NaN 166652 27.26 167304 NaN 167739 26.96 168609 NaN 168826 27.08 169478 NaN 169913 26.85 170783 NaN 171000 27.07 171600 NaN 172000 27.07 172800 NaN 173000 26.59 173600 NaN 174000 26.53 174800 26.45 175600 NaN 177000 26.89 177600 NaN 178200 26.9 178800 NaN 179000 26.75 179600 NaN 180200 26.63 180800 NaN 181000 26.61 181600 NaN 182200 26.66 182800 NaN 183000 26.79 183220 NaN 183440 26.69 183660 NaN 183733 26.74 183953 NaN 184173 26.82 184393 NaN 184467 27.03 184687 NaN 184907 27.56 185127 NaN 185200 27.61 185420 NaN 185640 27.95 185860 NaN 185933 27.91 186153 NaN 186373 28.11 186593 NaN 186667 28 186887 NaN 187107 27.97 187253 NaN 187400 28 187620 NaN 188133 28.14 188353 NaN 188573 28.09 188793 NaN 188867 27.98 189087 NaN 189307 27.64 189527 NaN 189600 27.65 189820 NaN 190040 27.66 190260 NaN 190333 27.83 190553 NaN 190773 27.79 190993 NaN 191067 27.36 191507 27.43 191727 NaN 191800 27.44 192020 NaN 192240 27.57 192460 NaN 192533 27.67 192753 NaN 192973 27.82 193193 NaN 193267 27.86 193487 NaN 193707 27.89 193927 NaN 194000 27.79 194660 NaN 195320 27.98 195980 NaN 196200 27.8 198400 27.83 199500 27.93 199940 27.54 205000 27.63 205825 28.19 206375 NaN 207200 28.41 207750 NaN 208575 28.23 209125 28.3 209950 28.1 210500 28.29 211325 27.89 211875 27.93 212700 27.95 213250 27.55 214625 27.57 215450 27.54 216000 27.35 217440 27.18 218400 27.06 219840 26.64 220800 26.48 222240 26.1 223200 25.88 224640 25.76 225600 25.9 227040 26.19 228000 25.7 228566 26.71 228943 26.21 229509 26.4 229887 26.99 230453 27.86 230830 27.26 231774 27.63 232340 27.79 232717 27.41 233283 27.84 233660 27.65 234226 27.77 234604 27.59 235170 27.7 235547 27.89 236113 27.57 236491 27.97 237057 27.96 237434 28.06 238000 28.03 238880 28.09 240200 27.86 241080 28.02 242400 27.78 243280 27.7 245480 27.47 246800 27.38 247680 27.41 249000 27.06 249488 27.06 250220 26.57 250707 26.33 251439 26.49 251927 26.59 252659 26.23 253146 26.82 253878 26.28 254366 26.43 255098 26.25 255585 27.17 256317 26.51 256805 26.39 257537 25.9 258024 26.35 259244 25.84 259976 26 260463 26.08 261195 25.83 261683 25.72 262415 25.88 262902 25.76 263634 25.98 264122 25.58 264854 26.1 265341 25.39 266073 25.46 266561 25.44 267293 25.53 267780 25.28 268512 25.31 269000 25.33 270350 25.93 271250 25.7 273500 25.89 274850 26.9 275750 26.69 277100 26.62 278000 26.82 279350 26.79 280250 26.86 281600 26.95 282500 26.94 284750 NaN 286325 26.79 287000 26.9 288296 26.92 288852 26.86 290148 26.85 290704 26.79 292000 26.77