# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 650 22.11503759 700 22.34214759 750 21.85271808 800 22.30487655 850 22.16361626 900 22.03300393 950 22.13374268 1000 22.23448144 1050 22.32962503 1100 22.3455887 1150 22.36155238 1200 22.37751605 1250 22.39347973 1300 22.4094434 1350 22.42540707 1400 22.44137075 1450 22.45632744 1500 22.38837637 1550 22.32042529 1600 22.25247422 1650 22.18452314 1700 22.11657207 1750 22.04862099 1800 21.98066992 1850 22.09433042 1900 22.23657793 1950 22.38310204 2000 22.5501842 2050 22.56797337 2100 22.56269019 2150 22.55740702 2200 22.52894737 2250 22.49321116 2300 22.71144528 2350 22.60504202 2400 22.74020228 2450 22.80551081 2500 22.48027211 2550 22.62477612 2600 22.46937553 2650 22.52368082 2700 22.47651057 2750 22.50348511 2800 22.50418118 2850 22.38114111 2900 22.70039439 2950 22.58974584 3000 22.60873016 3050 22.55395843 3100 22.66622163 3150 22.423587 3200 22.50595611 3250 22.48948787 3300 22.55461121 3350 22.57602906 3400 22.69709443 3450 22.52779304 3500 22.8043638 3550 22.47391705 3600 22.61159555 3650 22.66700791 3700 22.75014006 3750 22.78021617 3800 22.5844413 3850 22.54853359 3900 22.45910177 3950 22.6591723 4000 22.56644456 4050 22.26167954 4100 22.54624697 4150 22.61428571 4200 22.70998043 4250 22.58438881 4300 22.51478003 4350 22.53531746 4400 22.62702298 4450 22.66526316 4500 22.66158506 4550 22.65182073 4600 22.56269417 4650 22.47356761 4700 22.45366374 4750 22.43546206 4800 22.41726039 4850 22.39905871 4900 22.38085704 4950 22.36367439 5000 22.34758687 5050 22.33149936 5100 22.31541184 5150 22.29932432 5200 22.28699286 5250 22.29529529 5300 22.30359772 5350 22.31190015 5400 22.32020258 5450 22.32850501 5500 22.36826731 5550 22.40828331 5600 22.44829932 5650 22.48831533 5700 22.52833133 5750 22.53738765 5800 22.5462571 5850 22.55512654 5900 22.56399598 5950 22.57142857 6000 22.57142857 6050 22.57142857 6100 22.57142857 6150 22.57142857 6200 22.61184393 6250 22.69365639 6300 22.73850486 6350 22.65529954 6400 22.57209421 6450 22.60738007 6500 22.64362151 6550 22.67986294 6600 22.71610438 6650 22.61845152 6700 22.45058582 6750 22.28272011 6800 22.1148544 6850 22.14416142 6900 22.38200092 6950 22.54626866 7000 22.66620469 7050 22.67582418 7100 22.7083947 7150 22.62706767 7200 22.80068027 7250 22.76539343 7300 22.57360248 7350 22.7421396 7400 22.7 7450 22.71008878 7500 22.73244898 7550 22.57390586 7600 22.63976608 7650 22.69727891 7700 22.72857143 7750 22.5771777 7800 22.7175 7850 22.6591342 7900 22.71056423 7950 22.67371706 8000 22.7 8050 22.67789988 8100 22.70262626 8150 22.52932692 8200 22.54859752 8250 22.75155709 8300 22.68174734 8350 22.64632822 8400 22.62583956 8450 22.60697306 8500 22.58810656 8550 22.56924006 8600 22.55037356 8650 22.53150706 8700 22.51264056 8750 22.49377405 8800 22.47490755 8850 22.45604105 8900 22.43717455 8950 22.41830805 9000 22.39944155 9050 22.38057505 9100 22.36170855 9150 22.32883698 9200 22.29149413 9250 22.25415128 9300 22.21680843 9350 22.17946558 9400 22.14212273 9450 22.10477988 9500 22.06743704 9550 22.03009419 9600 21.99275134 9650 21.95540849 9700 21.91806564 9750 21.88072279 9800 21.84337994 9850 21.80603709 9900 21.76869425 9950 21.7313514 10000 21.69400855 10050 21.6566657 10100 21.61932285 10150 21.52861804 10200 20.95765556 10250 20.38669308 10300 19.8157306 10350 19.24476812 10400 18.67380564 10450 18.10284316 10500 17.53188068 10550 16.9609182 10600 16.38995572 10650 15.99208774 10700 16.01391466 10750 16.03574157 10800 16.05756848 10850 16.07939539 10900 16.12341343 10950 16.54151043 11000 16.95960743