# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) d18O (°C) 136.5029528 2.684615385 168.3486581 3.330769231 194.51297 2.612820513 225.2373477 2.98974359 240.7864245 3.223076923 285.2657547 3.402564103 313.4484563 3.169230769 327.278164 2.98974359 355.8346415 2.846153846 386.1104882 3.115384615 402.3323615 3.51025641 416.087314 3.312820513 461.1646857 3.635897436 475.0691485 3.474358974 503.8498916 3.384615385 546.310832 3.079487179 547.0583838 3.258974359 577.0352097 3.456410256 607.0120356 3.653846154 680.4963744 3.797435897 723.7796217 3.68974359 752.4856096 3.582051282 766.3900725 3.420512821 796.3668984 3.617948718 811.84122 3.833333333 856.5448157 4.066666667 899.379532 3.851282051 911.4898707 3.258974359 927.6369889 3.635897436 940.1211034 3.133333333 952.6799731 2.648717949 998.3553861 3.115384615 1043.881289 3.546153846 1086.192719 3.205128205 1114.749196 3.061538462 1128.279883 2.81025641 1172.983479 3.043589744 1215.74344 2.81025641 1216.266726 2.935897436 1258.951932 2.684615385 1317.709501 2.792307692 1333.333333 3.043589744 1348.88241 3.276923077 1408.163265 3.51025641 1434.925619 2.935897436 1435.822681 3.151282051 1491.066756 2.415384615 1552.366001 3.133333333 1598.041414 3.6 1628.466771 3.905128205 1656.798983 3.707692308 1714.809001 3.635897436 1774.015101 3.851282051 1787.396277 3.564102564 1817.074082 3.68974359 1846.079091 3.653846154 1846.901398 3.851282051 1903.939598 3.546153846 1904.911415 3.779487179 1917.69455 3.348717949 1946.251028 3.205128205 2004.634821 3.223076923 2034.088361 3.294871795 2047.918068 3.115384615 2076.773567 3.043589744 2135.381625 3.115384615 2150.257905 3.187179487 2179.711445 3.258974359 2208.342678 3.133333333 2236.899155 2.98974359 2295.058683 2.953846154 2339.238992 3.061538462 2354.339538 3.187179487 2413.097107 3.294871795 2413.769904 3.456410256 2472.602228 3.582051282 2473.275024 3.743589744 2488.37557 3.869230769 2531.883083 3.815384615 2560.589071 3.707692308 2589.444569 3.635897436 2634.297675 3.905128205 2648.127383 3.725641026 2720.789415 3.671794872 2735.665695 3.743589744 2778.874187 3.617948718 2793.675712 3.671794872 2808.701503 3.779487179 2823.577783 3.851282051 2867.309561 3.851282051 2881.662555 3.797435897 2896.015549 3.743589744 2939.298796 3.635897436 2968.154295 3.564102564 3026.313822 3.528205128 3084.921881 3.6 3157.509158 3.528205128 3157.957689 3.635897436 3185.84137 3.330769231 3199.895343 3.205128205 3242.730059 2.98974359 3243.17859 3.097435897 3271.510802 2.9 3315.466846 2.953846154 3342.901996 2.541025641 3373.626374 2.917948718 3402.481872 2.846153846 3432.084922 2.953846154 3433.20625 3.223076923 3461.837482 3.097435897 3491.739553 3.276923077 3549.674815 3.187179487 3564.700606 3.294871795 3605.965463 2.702564103 3633.101592 2.217948718 3637.586903 3.294871795 3646.856545 2.020512821 3691.111609 2.146153846 3748.44883 1.912820513 3778.350901 2.092307692 3808.776258 2.397435897 3838.977349 2.648717949 3839.799656 2.846153846 3913.433505 3.025641026 3929.281603 3.330769231 3945.279211 3.671794872 3961.426329 4.048717949 4006.129924 4.282051282 4050.758765 4.497435897 4079.090977 4.3 4122.000449 4.102564103 4135.979667 3.958974359 4178.963893 3.779487179 4192.046049 3.420512821 4192.793601 3.6 4193.914929 3.869230769 4205.950512 3.258974359 4233.385662 2.846153846 4234.207969 3.043589744 4293.264559 3.223076923 4337.220603 3.276923077 4338.19242 3.51025641 4396.949989 3.617948718 4425.356956 3.438461538 4439.70995 3.384615385 4497.570457 3.276923077 4541.451746 3.312820513 4599.835539 3.330769231 4614.786574 3.420512821 4629.737609 3.51025641 4702.324886 3.438461538 4790.087464 3.51025641 4819.840024 3.653846154 4849.81685 3.851282051 4893.473873 3.833333333 4952.904239 4.102564103 4966.808702 3.941025641 4981.012185 3.851282051 5009.568663 3.707692308 5023.846901 3.635897436 5096.284668 3.528205128 5109.964865 3.312820513 5183.075428 3.366666667 5183.598714 3.492307692 5211.40764 3.169230769 5298.796442 3.151282051 5299.244973 3.258974359 5342.154444 3.061538462 5371.757494 3.169230769 5416.31158 3.366666667 5430.290798 3.223076923 5458.92203 3.097435897 5502.952829 3.169230769 5547.43216 3.348717949 5622.411602 3.851282051 5650.594304 3.617948718 5679.076026 3.456410256 5737.684085 3.528205128 5763.02609 2.612820513 5766.165807 3.366666667 5806.234582 2.487179487 5823.727293 3.187179487 5883.082903 3.438461538 5897.361142 3.366666667 5941.018166 3.348717949 5999.028183 3.276923077 6057.785752 3.384615385 6086.940271 3.384615385 6131.718622 3.635897436 6233.236152 3.51025641 6306.496225 3.6 6336.32354 3.761538462 6365.328549 3.725641026 6407.639979 3.384615385 6479.554459 3.151282051 6521.566869 2.738461538 6522.463931 2.953846154 6565.298647 2.738461538 6669.806384 3.330769231 6714.883756 3.653846154 6773.192794 3.653846154 6815.878 3.402564103 6844.284967 3.223076923 6915.975181 2.935897436 7076.25028 2.917948718 7106.152351 3.097435897 7150.855947 3.330769231 7151.827764 3.564102564 7226.508186 3.994871795 7313.672722 3.923076923 7385.288181 3.617948718 7428.048142 3.384615385 7470.882859 3.169230769 7499.514091 3.043589744 7601.330642 2.98974359 7659.78919 3.025641026 7732.675488 3.025641026 7820.961352 3.223076923 7921.88084 2.953846154 7980.189878 2.953846154 8110.263886 2.684615385 8183.299694 2.720512821 8241.1602 2.612820513 8359.049114 2.917948718 8550.198101 3.312820513 8622.486357 3.169230769 8694.475592 2.953846154 8767.137624 2.9 8811.317934 3.007692308 8855.049712 3.007692308 8956.492487 2.864102564 9029.976826 3.007692308 9087.687822 2.864102564 9188.981087 2.684615385 9246.467818 2.487179487 9333.482844 2.379487179 9347.237796 2.182051282 9432.832474 1.733333333 9519.249458 1.482051282 9634.297675 1.105128205 9721.163191 0.961538462 9867.982358 1.212820513 9955.221649 1.158974359