# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 100 22.02857143 150 21.99880953 200 21.96904762 250 21.96428572 300 22.02857143 350 22.12619047 400 22.04285714 450 22.23333333 500 22.05238095 550 21.94285714 600 21.93809524 650 21.96428572 700 22.14285714 750 21.97619047 800 22.09523809 850 21.93571429 900 21.84761905 950 22.08809524 1000 21.81428571 1050 22.07619048 1100 22.10952381 1150 22.02142857 1200 21.97619047 1250 22.04761905 1300 22.07142857 1350 22.25 1400 22.24761905 1450 22.15714286 1500 22.08571429 1550 22.08571429 1600 22.08571429 1650 22.08571429 1700 22.16190476 1750 22.2 1800 22.29047619 1850 22.42857143 1900 22.21428571 1950 22.16666667 2000 22.22380953 2050 22.27142858 2100 22.23302031 2150 22.10128536 2200 22.11724282 2250 22.15299757 2300 22.18875231 2350 22.22450706 2400 22.2602618 2450 22.29601655 2500 22.33177129 2550 22.39813125 2600 22.53927583 2650 22.38977548 2700 22.19277811 2750 22.10810252 2800 22.21722717 2850 22.34486893 2900 22.28841109 2950 22.2253801 3000 22.20375256 3050 22.38253571 3100 22.37427405 3150 22.26805284 3200 22.14574364 3250 22.14123304 3300 22.19594256 3350 22.158304 3400 22.11511752 3450 22.06471097 3500 21.97062698 3550 22.10028794 3600 22.40032746 3650 22.40973709 3700 22.45316875 3750 22.52843595 3800 22.22800497 3850 22.10092166 3900 22.16236559 3950 22.22380952 4000 22.28525346 4050 22.34669739 4100 22.40814132 4150 22.46958525 4200 22.53110599 4250 22.59447005 4300 22.65783411 4350 22.64377881 4400 22.56889401 4450 22.50599078 4500 22.58087558 4550 22.65576037 4600 22.61658987 4650 22.50138249 4700 22.41382489 4750 22.52903226 4800 22.64423964 4850 22.68571429 4900 22.68571429 4950 22.65990784 5000 22.49861752 5050 22.33732719 5100 22.37972351 5150 22.51797235 5200 22.63317973 5250 22.6562212 5300 22.67926268 5350 22.68571429 5400 22.68571429 5450 22.68571429 5500 22.68571429 5550 22.68571429 5600 22.72511521 5650 22.77695852 5700 22.76751152 5750 22.60046083 5800 22.43341014 5850 22.42304147 5900 22.45184332 5950 22.49170507 6000 22.55506912 6050 22.61843318 6100 22.55064935 6150 22.63965015 6200 22.60111318 6250 22.47742734 6300 22.3537415 6350 22.35131195 6400 22.45764643 6450 22.54025974 6500 22.62846542 6550 22.40548635 6600 22.45637424 6650 22.68165916 6700 22.42544394 6750 22.60365756 6800 22.4567718 6850 22.59825073 6900 22.50813676 6950 22.4 7000 22.53623112 7050 22.60482375 7100 22.48571429 7150 22.46078181 7200 22.49894015 7250 22.69121861 7300 22.6664823 7350 22.64174599 7400 22.65632348 7450 22.63325221 7500 22.52130388 7550 22.46282093 7600 22.2646865 7650 22.48764655 7700 22.47841111 7750 22.19761064 7800 22.35639472 7850 22.27092398 7900 22.49294621 7950 22.41103262 8000 22.46808871 8050 22.45725565 8100 22.42456443 8150 22.3 8200 22.31714108 8250 22.39795749 8300 22.08118489 8350 22.18248724 8400 22.18278175 8450 22.1578613 8500 22.20487964 8550 22.34652654 8600 22.14277107 8650 22.15552785 8700 22.05313559 8750 22.19359663 8800 22.14790548 8850 22.04231176 8900 22.01752165 8950 22.05329588 9000 22.23506899 9050 22.13714285 9100 21.82317111 9150 21.79213087 9200 21.83095761 9250 21.98794349 9300 22.0109163 9350 21.81261836 9400 21.68393766 9450 21.59304059 9500 21.58571429 9550 21.56526316 9600 21.45785177 9650 21.41524911 9700 21.44829877 9750 21.48134842 9800 21.51448236 9850 21.57231926 9900 21.65283268 9950 21.79330998 10000 21.71739569 10050 21.46126084 10100 21.48850367 10150 21.57359993 10200 21.59838717 10250 21.58169379 10300 21.49080724 10350 21.42072875 10400 21.36289185 10450 21.52086666 10500 21.67000909 10550 21.66174668 10600 21.62055689 10650 21.53793274 10700 21.54967198 10750 21.59924647 10800 21.83596794 10850 21.9889234 10900 21.88977443 10950 21.70355655 11000 21.43912871