# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 18.95973679 50 18.86460741 100 18.77242962 150 18.67282737 200 18.56648616 250 18.5772614 300 18.62149418 350 18.59542226 400 18.55595896 450 18.51649566 500 19.11718674 550 19.86508466 600 19.91195145 650 19.02492997 700 18.50940268 750 18.60502224 800 18.92501356 850 19.23784079 900 19.48320611 950 19.72857143 1000 19.61274131 1050 19.4969112 1100 19.27768084 1150 19.02928632 1200 19.04170837 1250 19.4113626 1300 19.78101683 1350 19.60129136 1400 19.37513514 1450 19.19752896 1500 19.16857143 1550 19.5035468 1600 19.83852217 1650 20.0506987 1700 20.07080527 1750 20.09091183 1800 20.161792 1850 20.27455113 1900 20.38731026 1950 20.38995806 2000 20.1 2050 20.1 2100 20.1 2150 20.1 2200 20.1 2250 20.19434476 2300 20.53787375 2350 20.03953488 2400 19.93855215 2450 19.99209681 2500 20.05099062 2550 20.20740355 2600 20.36381648 2650 20.49079342 2700 20.55286025 2750 20.61492707 2800 20.02405037 2850 19.26996917 2900 20.37993834 2950 20.57702841 3000 20.51060699 3050 20.44418557 3100 20.57239451 3150 20.7045755 3200 20.82806484 3250 20.90911854 3300 20.95418998 3350 20.9878986 3400 21.02160723 3450 21.05531585 3500 21.07671358 3550 21.08683811 3600 21.09696264 3650 21.10708717 3700 21.1172117 3750 21.12733624 3800 21.03185901 3850 20.94285714 3900 20.94285714 3950 20.94285714 4000 21.03319027 4050 21.09359107 4100 20.96954724 4150 21.02207792 4200 21.26022042 4250 21.55735294 4300 21.25273109 4350 21.23916711 4400 21.30769636 4450 21.35906902 4500 21.18250401 4550 21.005939 4600 21.03968254 4650 21.37830688 4700 21.51587302 4750 21.51985725 4800 21.4665921 4850 21.4146786 4900 21.43650551 4950 21.45833242 5000 21.45820106 5050 21.42281396 5100 21.37106456 5150 21.36599475 5200 21.36092494 5250 21.35427442 5300 21.34298137 5350 21.33168831 5400 21.31198305 5450 21.28907091 5500 21.30369418 5550 21.44397942 5600 21.58426467 5650 21.59549313 5700 21.57158398 5750 21.54508586 5800 21.5146389 5850 21.47489177 5900 21.25844156 5950 21.04199134 6000 21.06062992 6050 21.16186727 6100 21.28454697 6150 21.49299611 6200 21.63423181 6250 21.37592093 6300 21.11761006 6350 21.32240896 6400 21.14194738 6450 21.0791153 6500 21.4235678 6550 21.70508688 6600 21.64611998 6650 21.58715308 6700 21.52818618 6750 21.36414112 6800 21.12558373 6850 21.40803415 6900 21.69048456 6950 21.73980483 7000 21.71711109 7050 21.66119874 7100 21.50347003 7150 21.08392297 7200 21.09255952 7250 21.28546076 7300 21.45596222 7350 21.44522915 7400 21.43449608 7450 21.52145967 7500 21.7287995 7550 21.93613933 7600 21.51832947 7650 20.82227378 7700 20.82801196 7750 20.85694994 7800 20.88531106 7850 20.81810676 7900 20.75090246 7950 20.6862083 8000 20.70267535 8050 20.7191424 8100 20.72171038 8150 20.08763278 8200 19.45355517 8250 19.11854712 8300 19.24796663 8350 20.08825251 8400 18.57440077 8450 19.51898613 8500 19.85238938 8550 20.07994943 8600 19.82272585 8650 19.23961094 8700 18.97454931 8750 19.61654418 8800 19.6809816 8850 19.55763436 8900 19.22539683 8950 18.90104747 9000 18.6224649 9050 18.41588044 9100 18.5492437 9150 18.37346939 9200 18.76922301 9250 18.45923388 9300 18.42091837 9350 18.63804457 9400 18.36285961 9450 18.1959633 9500 18.28669826 9550 18.62897384 9600 18.40069231 9650 18.38615499 9700 18.50737183 9750 18.42360103 9800 18.33983022 9850 18.3099062 9900 18.28834286 9950 18.26903974 10000 18.25795982 10050 18.24687989 10100 18.23579997 10150 18.25445609 10200 18.32892291 10250 18.40338973 10300 18.3999904 10350 18.30878456 10400 18.21757873 10450 18.18140474 10500 18.20159942 10550 18.2217941 10600 18.24198877 10650 18.26218345 10700 18.29226479 10750 18.33069381 10800 18.36912283 10850 18.40755185 10900 18.44598087 10950 18.45713355 11000 18.41481554