# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 50 22.15178549 100 21.85 150 21.52321419 200 21.42518776 250 21.70686049 300 21.83676632 350 21.94443514 400 22.01305121 450 22.05738543 500 22.10629261 550 22.16329375 600 22.20159968 650 22.08126394 700 21.9609282 750 21.99129831 800 22.04829945 850 21.98486668 900 21.83919697 950 21.7643049 1000 21.8276395 1050 21.90149373 1100 22.09149752 1150 22.28150132 1200 22.19375084 1250 22.04808126 1300 21.96760503 1350 21.93593772 1400 21.93832243 1450 22.01432402 1500 22.08955705 1550 22.15289165 1600 22.21622625 1650 22.14188942 1700 22.0342206 1750 22.03095621 1800 22.11329118 1850 22.13234015 1900 21.99933749 1950 21.87423225 2000 21.9363434 2050 21.8239836 2100 21.74285714 2150 21.74285714 2200 21.72953435 2250 22.02779347 2300 22.01181301 2350 21.95711556 2400 22.04123875 2450 22.1141422 2500 21.99996482 2550 21.8476863 2600 22.06874574 2650 21.91772564 2700 21.75026734 2750 21.85392783 2800 21.90052614 2850 21.94442194 2900 21.99507341 2950 22.05652754 3000 21.98497271 3050 21.89028992 3100 21.92540656 3150 21.96935626 3200 22.0220313 3250 21.9286126 3300 21.84503973 3350 21.85381889 3400 21.85714286 3450 21.85714286 3500 21.90950978 3550 21.90420193 3600 21.798852 3650 21.8363674 3700 21.90243764 3750 21.7970877 3800 21.82805609 3850 22.00363931 3900 21.87038757 3950 21.72857143 4000 21.72857143 4050 21.83454411 4100 22.01012754 4150 22.24570954 4200 22.3540295 4250 22.22234209 4300 22.12867845 4350 22.052989 4400 22.0090932 4450 22.00583283 4500 22.24515725 4550 22.56767948 4600 22.29872979 4650 22.22724655 4700 22.62029416 4750 22.57953022 4800 22.43572325 4850 22.30635853 4900 22.23608166 4950 22.28645262 5000 22.27733787 5050 22.12363003 5100 22.09693774 5150 22.2093083 5200 22.33451401 5250 22.40658551 5300 22.23699117 5350 22.35038244 5400 22.32843211 5450 22.16083688 5500 22.21349666 5550 22.33249632 5600 22.09595108 5650 22.25487813 5700 22.50042275 5750 22.18669638 5800 22.03763701 5850 22.27232562 5900 22.48837566 5950 22.17464928 6000 22.55688329 6050 22.6712353 6100 22.57038867 6150 22.33344115 6200 22.5065313 6250 22.47293883 6300 22.37487597 6350 22.33299983 6400 22.61427133 6450 22.65343298 6500 22.57794112 6550 22.47142857 6600 22.47142857 6650 22.41202836 6700 22.43407679 6750 22.56913351 6800 22.60606173 6850 22.56585895 6900 22.53065376 6950 22.55937001 7000 22.58808626 7050 22.606721 7100 22.6182075 7150 22.63306174 7200 22.67900777 7250 22.72495381 7300 22.66573977 7350 22.53938827 7400 22.42927755 7450 22.4350208 7500 22.44076405 7550 22.43920698 7600 22.43346373 7650 22.40729757 7700 22.26371632 7750 22.12013506 7800 22.10937847 7850 22.16681097 7900 22.26208301 7950 22.53775923 8000 22.81343546 8050 22.76210617 8100 22.56109242 8150 22.38403147 8200 22.30362597 8250 22.22322047 8300 22.30211622 8350 22.44569759 8400 22.54814476 8450 22.50794201 8500 22.46773926 8550 22.3894712 8600 22.2975792 8650 22.22428063 8700 22.20705087 8750 22.18982111 8800 22.09822805 8850 21.98336305 8900 21.96615411 8950 22.20737061 9000 22.44858711 9050 22.32375364 9100 22.09976671 9150 21.97209597 9200 22.06973122 9250 22.16736648 9300 22.06911511 9350 21.92553386 9400 21.84908373 9450 21.91225953 9500 21.97543533 9550 22.02418469 9600 22.07013069 9650 22.05779866 9700 21.93719031 9750 21.81658196 9800 21.8148609 9850 21.83209065 9900 21.84070272 9950 21.83495947 10000 21.82921622 10050 21.80307913 10100 21.77436286 10150 21.76404062 10200 21.78127037 10250 21.79850012 10300 21.75805369 10350 21.71210769 10400 21.67838206 10450 21.66115229 10500 21.64392253 10550 21.38422729 10600 21.10855129 10650 20.90018689 10700 20.77383538 10750 20.64748388 10800 20.21682013 10850 19.77458952 10900 19.83218494 10950 19.8201044 11000 20.19442323