# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: temperature
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
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#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
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#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: 
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
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#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
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#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
age (BP)	alkenone (°C)
-51	15.43
-50	14.76
-48	14.76
-47	15.39
-46	16.06
-44	15.97
-43	17.18
-39	17.18
-35	15.92
-31	15.96
-27	14.06
-23	14.06
-19	14.25
-16	13.93
-12	13.93
-8	14.41
-4	14.67
0	14.67
6	14.84
16	15.45
24	15.45
31	15.64
39	16.82
47	16.82
53	16.12
56	16.03
60	16.03
63	16.66
67	16.46
70	16.46
74	15.61
77	15.76
80	15.76
84	16.34
87	15.34
98	15.34
101	15.64
105	15.54
108	15.54
112	16.68
115	15.6
119	15.6
122	16.46
126	16.2
129	16.2
133	15.5
136	15.15
139	15.15
143	15.81
146	15.81
150	15.15
153	14.41
157	14.41
160	14.64
164	14.64
167	15.11
171	15.11
174	15.04
178	14.61
181	14.61
185	15.33
346	15.33
369	15.38
392	15.55
415	15.55
438	16.27
455	16.27
472	15.61
484	15.44
496	15.44
507	15.69
518	15.69
530	15.63
542	15.24
553	15.24
564	16.88
576	16.88
588	15.3
599	15.95
610	15.95
622	15.76
634	15.76
645	15.49
656	15.21
668	15.63
680	15.63
691	15.26
702	16.34
714	16.34
726	15.07
737	15.73
748	15.15
760	15.82
772	15.94
783	16.24
794	15.14
806	15.82
-51	14.92
-47	15.13
-44	15.13
-40	15.48
-36	15.57
-33	15.37
-29	15.38
-25	15.52
-22	15.53
-18	15.34
-14	15.54
-11	16.07
-7	15.7
-3	15.63
0	15.6
4	15.88
8	15.8
11	15.5
15	15.5
19	15.54
22	15.37
26	15.62
30	15.47
33	15.78
37	15.65
40	15.53
44	15.51
48	15.51
51	15.95
55	15.09
57	15.42
-51	15.49
-47	15.78
-44	15.46
-40	15.54
-36	15.6
-33	15.53
-29	15.56
-25	15.05
-22	15.35
-18	15.8
-14	15.93
-11	15.94
-7	17.29
-3	16.7
0	17.66
4	16.54
8	16.74
11	16.63
15	16.5
19	16.73
22	16.35
26	16.38
30	16.7
33	15.78
37	16.95
40	15.71
44	17.66
48	16.48
51	16.62
55	15.96
57	16.62
52	16.03
61	16.22
63	16.74
67	16.82
72	16.96
80	17.31
82	16.74
87	18.57
93	16.8
99	17.41
106	18.55
110	16.78
562	16.82
594	16.79
623	16.87
634	16.98
644	17.14
654	16.84
677	16.83
759	17.17
793	17.08
816	16.63
895	17.47
914	16.69
962	17.34
987	17.17
1029	17.72
1052	17.5
1090	17.71
1113	17.37
1211	17.58
1281	17.74
1381	17.54
1518	17.25
1635	17.11
1751	17.62
1876	17.71
2117	17.81
2417	17.49
2617	17.29
3351	17.61
3984	17.62
4251	17.91
4434	17.93
6336	19.81
8002	18.89