# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/routson2019temp-meta.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere and Tropics # Location: Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -10 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Routson2019 # Earliest_Year: 9900 # Most_Recent_Year: 100 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Temperature proxy metadata # PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA Site Name Lat. (°) Lon. (°) Elev. (m) Proxy Archive Season Ref. HAP0212 79.26 11.52 12 alkenone lake sediment summer 1 MSM055_723-2 79.16 5.34 -1351 foram. marine sediment annual 2 MSM05-712 78.92 6.77 -1487 dinocyst marine sediment summer 3 MSM055_712-2 78.92 6.77 -1389 foram. marine sediment annual 2 HU91 77.27 -74.33 -663 dinocyst marine sediment summer 4 "Agissiz, Renland" 75.99 -49.92 0 d18O ice annual 5 GIK23258 75 14 -1768 d18O marine sediment annual 6 GIK23258-2 75 14 -1768 d18O marine sediment annual 7 LS009 74.19 -81.2 -781 dinocyst marine sediment summer 8 P1B3 73.68 -162.66 -201 dinocyst marine sediment summer 9 HLY0501 72.69 -157.52 415 dinocyst marine sediment summer 4 GISP2 72.6 -38.5 3216 15N/40Ar ice annual 10 GISP2 72.58 -38.46 3216 d18O glacier ice annual 11 GGC19 72.16 -155.51 -369 d18O marine sediment summer 12 JM01-1199 71.99 14.36 -1500 foram. marine sediment summer 13 Dolgoe 71.87 127.07 11 d18O lake sediment JUL 14 PL-96 71.74 42.61 286 dinocyst marine sediment summer 15 PSh-5159N 71.35 22.63 -422 d18O marine sediment summer 16 KR02 71.34 -113.78 299 pollen lake sediment JUL 17 Gunnarsfjorden 71.04 28.17 78 pollen lake sediment summer 18 JR01 69.9 -95.07 120 pollen lake sediment JUL 19 JM98-1 69.5 18.39 -213 d18O marine sediment annual 20 Malangen 69.5 18.39 -213 d18O marine sediment annual 21 North Lake 69.24 -50.03 190 chironomid lake sediment JUL 22 Toskaljavri 69.2 21.47 704 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Dalmutladdo 69.17 20.72 355 pollen lake sediment JAN 24 Yarnyshnoe 69.07 36.07 54 pollen lake sediment JUL 25 Lapland 69 25 region TRW tree JUL 26 2005-804 68.99 -106.57 -118 dinocyst marine sediment summer 8 Trout Lake 68.83 -138.75 150 chironomid lake sediment JUL 27 KP2 68.8 35.32 131 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Myrvatn 68.65 16.38 200 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Austerkjosen 68.53 17.27 135 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Liltlvatn 68.52 14.87 106 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Gammelheimvatnet 68.47 17.75 290 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Bjornfjelltjorn 68.43 18.07 510 pollen lake sediment JUL 28 Tsuolbmajavri 68.41 22.05 526 chironomid lake sediment summer 23 Tsuolbmajavri 68.41 22.05 526 pollen lake sediment summer 23 Hanging Lake 68.4 -138.4 500 chironomid lake sediment summer 29 Lake850 68.4 19.2 850 chironomid lake sediment summer 30 Njulla 68.37 18.7 999 chironomid lake sediment JUL 31 Kurupa 68.35 -154.61 920 chlorophyll lake sediment JJAS 32 Njakajaure 68.33 24.7 103.7 pollen lake sediment annual 33 Vuoskkujavri 68.33 19.1 348 pollen lake sediment JAN 30 Vouskku 68.33 19.1 348 chironomid lake sediment JUL 30 Lyadhej-To 68.25 65.79 153 chironomid lake sediment JUL 34 JM96-1207 68.1 -29.35 -404 dinocyst marine sediment summer 35 Tornetrask 68 20 400 TRW tree summer 36 Chuna 67.95 32.48 475.3 pollen lake sediment JUL 37 JR51-GC35 67.59 -17.56 -420 alkenone marine sediment annual 38 Sjuuodjijaure 67.37 18.07 826 hybrid lake sediment JUL 39 Kharinei 67.36 62.75 108 chironomid lake sediment JUL 40 Ranger 67.14 -153.66 820 pollen lake sediment coldest 41 "MD95-2011,HM79-4" 67 7.6 -1048 foram. marine sediment summer 42 MD95-2011 67 7.6 -1048 alkenone marine sediment summer 43 MD99-2269 66.85 -20.85 -365 diatom marine sediment AUG 44 Akvaquak 66.78 -63.95 17 pollen lake sediment JUL 45 MD99-2264 66.68 -24.2 235 foram. marine sediment annual 44 Soylegrotta 66.62 13.68 280 d18O speleothem annual 46 B997-321 66.53 -21.5 NaN d18O marine sediment JUL 47 Svanavatnet 66.44 14.05 243 pollen lake sediment JAN 48 Berkut 66.35 36.67 25 chironomid lake sediment JUL 49 MD99-2266 66.23 -23.27 -106 alkenone marine sediment annual 50 Iglutalik 66.14 -66.08 90 pollen lake sediment JUL 51 Screaming Lynx 66.07 -145.4 223 chironomid lake sediment JUL 52 Meleze 65.22 -126.12 650 pollen lake sediment coldest 53 Bells 65.02 -127.48 580 pollen lake sediment winter 54 Andy 64.65 -128.08 1360 pollen lake sediment winter 54 honeymoon 64.63 -138.4 1160 pollen lake sediment coldest 55 MD99-2256 64.3 -24.21 -246 foram. marine sediment annual 56 Carleton Lake 64.26 -110.1 420 chironomid lake sediment JUL 57 Quartz Lake 64.21 -145.81 293 chironomid lake sediment JUL 58 P1003 63.76 5.26 -875 d18O marine sediment summer 59 Jake 63.67 -65.15 300 pollen lake sediment JUL 60 Svartvatnet 63.35 9.55 183 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Tiavatnet 63.05 9.42 464 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 MD99-2284 62.37 0.97 -1500 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 61 Ratasjoen 62.27 9.83 1169 chironomid lake sediment JUL 62 RAPID-12 62.09 -17.82 -1938 Mg/Ca marine sediment summer 63 Kinnshaugen 62.02 10.37 591 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Hudson 61.9 -145.67 657 chironomid lake sediment JUL 52 Klotjarnen 61.82 14.58 235 pollen lake sediment annual 23 Nautajarvi 61.8 24.7 103.7 pollen lake sediment annual 23 Candelabra 61.68 -130.65 1040 pollen lake sediment winter 64 Laihalampi 61.48 26.07 136.6 pollen lake sediment annual 65 Brurskardstjorni 61.42 8.67 1309 chironomid lake sediment JUL 62 ODP984 61.4 -24.1 -1659 Mg/Ca marine sediment winter 66 Moose Lake 61.37 -143.6 437 chironomid lake sediment JUL 67 Upper Fly Lake 61.07 -138.09 1326 pollen lake sediment summer 68 Haugtjern 60.83 10.88 338 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Trettetjorn 60.72 7 810 pollen lake sediment JUL 69 Rainbow 60.72 -150.8 63 chironomid lake sediment JUL 52 Arapisto 60.58 24.8 133 pollen lake sediment annual 70 Corser 60.53 -145.45 70 GDGT bog sediment annual 71 Gilltjarnen 60.08 15.83 172 hybrid lake sediment annual 72 Hail 60.03 -129.02 690 pollen lake sediment winter 64 s53s52 59.89 -104.21 394.5 d13C bog sediment JUL 73 Gloppsjon 59.83 16.53 198 pollen lake sediment annual 73 Holebudalen 59.83 6.98 1144 chironomid lake sediment JUL 23 Oykjamyrtjorn 59.82 6 570 chironomid lake sediment JUL 69 Isbenttjonn 59.77 7.43 787 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Flotatjonn 59.67 7.55 890 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Lily 59.2 -135.4 230 pollen lake sediment coldest 74 Ruila 59.17 24.43 43 pollen lake sediment annual 75 LO09 58.94 -30.41 -1719 diatom marine sediment AUG 76 MD95-2015 58.77 -25.97 -2630 alkenone marine sediment annual 77 K2 58.73 -65.93 167 chironomid lake sediment JUL 78 Flarken 58.6 13.7 108 pollen lake sediment annual 23 Raigastvere 58.58 26.65 52.5 hybrid lake sediment annual 23 Trehorningen 58.55 11.6 112 pollen lake sediment annual 79 Grostjorn 58.53 7.73 180 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 HU84 58.37 -57.51 -2853 dinocyst marine sediment summer 4 Reiarsdalsvatnet 58.32 7.78 245 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 Dalene 58.25 8 40 pollen lake sediment JUL 23 MD99-2227 58.21 -48.37 3460 dinocyst marine sediment summer 4 HU90 58.21 -48.37 -3380 dinocyst marine sediment summer 4 IOW225514 57.84 8.7 -420 alkenone marine sediment annual 80 IOW225517 57.7 7.1 -293 alkenone marine sediment winter 80 Lake Kotokel 52.79 108.12 458 pollen lake sediment annual 81 Khoe 51.34 142.14 15 pollen lake sediment annual 82 MD01-2416 51.27 167.73 -2317 foram. marine sediment summer 83 MD01-2416 51.27 167.73 -2317 Mg/Ca marine sediment summer 83 PC2 50.4 148.32 -1258 alkenone marine sediment annual 84 Hulun Lake 49.13 117.5 541 pollen lake sediment annual 85 Stowell 48.78 -123.44 70 chironomid lake sediment JUL 86 Rice 48.01 -101.53 624 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Steel 46.97 -94.68 415 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Moon Lake 46.86 -98.16 400 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Hinterburgsee 46.72 8.07 1515 chironomid lake sediment JUL 88 Cadagno 46.55 8.71 1921 GDGT lake sediment annual 89 Pickerel 45.51 -97.27 563 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Nutt Lake 45.21 -79.45 302 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Graham Lake 45.19 -77.36 377 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Mansell 45.04 -68.73 57 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Sharkey 44.59 -93.41 308 pollen lake sediment summer 87 High Lake 44.52 -76.6 137 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Gemini Inferiore 44.39 10.05 1349 chironomid lake sediment JUL 90 Lago Verdarolo 44.36 10.12 1390 chironomid lake sediment JUL 90 Bighorn Basin 44.29 -108.64 2514 pollen lake sediment annual 91 OCE326-GGC30 44 -63 -250 alkenone marine sediment annual 92 Path Lake 43.87 -64.93 15 pollen lake sediment annual 93 PP10-07 43.68 -2.23 -1472 foram. marine sediment annual 94 Devils Lake 43.42 -89.73 293 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Okoboji Lake 43.37 -95.15 425 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Hams 43.24 -80.41 271 pollen lake sediment summer 87 OCE326-GGC26 43 -55 -3975 alkenone marine sediment annual 92 Lago Dell Accesa 42.99 10.9 157 pollen lake sediment JAN 95 Kaite Cobre Mayor 42.79 -3.85 1173 d13C speleothem annual 96 Little Pond 42.68 -72.19 301 pollen lake sediment summer 97 Yak Yakumo 42.28 140.26 0 pollen lake sediment annual 98 Blood Pond 42.08 -71.96 214 pollen lake sediment summer 97 ODP-1019D 41.7 -124.9 -980 alkenone marine sediment annual 99 Deep Lake 41.62 -70.58 13 pollen lake sediment warmest 87 Sutherland 41.39 -74.2 129 pollen lake sediment summer 87 Spruce Pond 41.24 -74.18 223 pollen lake sediment summer 87 AD91-17 40.9 18.6 -844 alkenone marine sediment annual 100 Chatsworth 40.68 -88.34 230 pollen bog sediment summer 87 MD95-2040 40.58 -9.86 -2465 foram. marine sediment summer 101 MD01-2446 39.06 -12.62 -3570 foram. marine sediment summer 101 D13822 38.6 -9.5 -88 alkenone marine sediment summer 102 Tagus mud patch 38.56 -9.35 -90 alkenone marine sediment winter 103 BS79-38 38.4 13.6 -1489 alkenone marine sediment annual 104 BS79-33 38.25 14.02 -1282 alkenone marine sediment annual 104 Great Basin 38 -116.5 0 TRW tree summer 105 GEOFAR_KF16 38 -31.13 -3050 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 106 SU8118 37.77 -10.18 -3135 alkenone marine sediment annual 107 Iberian Margin 37.75 -10.17 -3146 alkenone marine sediment annual 108 MD01-2444 37.57 -10.13 -2656 alkenone marine sediment annual 109 M40-4-SL78 37.04 13.19 -470 alkenone marine sediment annual 110 CH07-98-GGC19 36.9 -74.6 -1049 alkenone marine sediment annual 92 Lake Qinghai 36.81 100.14 3192 alkenone lake sediment annual 111 RL11 36.75 17.72 -3376 alkenone marine sediment annual 112 M25/4-KL11 36.7 17.7 -3376 alkenone marine sediment winter 80 GeoB5901-2 36.4 -7.1 -574 alkenone marine sediment annual 113 M39-008 36.38 -7.1 -576 alkenone marine sediment annual 104 TTR17_434G 36.21 -4.31 -1108 LDI marine sediment annual 114 TTR17_434G 36.21 -4.31 -1108 alkenone marine sediment annual 114 TTR-12_293G 36.17 -2.75 -1840 LDI marine sediment annual 114 TTR-12_293G 36.17 -2.75 -1840 alkenone marine sediment annual 114 MD95-2043 36.1 -2.6 -1000 alkenone marine sediment annual 104 "MD01-2421,KR02-06St.AGCKR02-06" 36 141.8 -2224 alkenone marine sediment annual 115 AMP112 35 10.74 0 alkenone lake sediment summer 1 SSDP102 34.95 128.88 -40 alkenone marine sedimet annual 113 ODP167-1017E 34.54 -121.11 -955.5 alkenone marine sediment annual 116 893A 34.29 -120.04 -588 g. bulloides marine sediment annual 117 GeoB7702-3 31.7 34.1 562 TEX86 marine sediment summer 118 POS362-2_33 31.69 29.75 -738 alkenone marine sediment annual 119 KY070401 31.6 129 -2114 Mg/Ca marine sediment summer 120 MD02-2575 29 -87.1 -847 Mg/Ca marine sediment summer 121 A7 27.8 127 -1262 Mg/Ca marine sediment summer 122 GeoB5844-2 27.7 34.7 -963 alkenone marine sediment annual 123 MV99-GC41 25.2 -112.7 -540 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 124 Xingyun Lake 24.33 102.78 1722 pollen lake sediment JUL 125 ODP658C 20.8 -18.6 -2263 foram. marine sediment annual 126 ODP658C 20.75 -18.58 -2263 alkenone marine sediment annual 127 Core17940 20.1 117.4 -1968 alkenone marine sediment annual 128 ODP117-723A 18.05 57.61 -806 foram. marine sediment May 129 74KL 14.3 57.3 -3212 alkenone marine sediment annual 130 74KL 14.3 57.3 -3212 TEX86 marine sediment annual 130 MD01-2378 13.1 121.8 -1783 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 131 SN-6 12.49 74.13 -589 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 132 M35003-4 12.1 -61.2 -1299 alkenone marine sediment annual 133 Tana Lake 12 37.3 1830 GDGT lake sediment annual 134 P178-15P 11.96 44.3 -869 alkenone marine sediment annual 135 P178-15P 11.96 44.3 -869 TEX86 marine sediment annual 135 P178-15P 11.96 44.3 -869 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 135 TY93-905 11.07 51.95 -1567 alkenone marine sediment annual 136 PL07-39PC 10.7 -65 -790 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 137 NIOP-905 10.6 51.9 -1567 alkenone marine sediment annual 130 NIOP-905 10.6 51.9 -1567 TEX86 marine sediment annual 130 MD97-2141 8.78 121.28 -3633 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 138 MD97-2151 8.73 109.87 -1598 TEX86 marine sediment annual 139 MD97-2151 8.73 109.87 -1598 alkenone marine sediment annual 139 MD02-2529 8.2 -84.1 -1619 alkenone marine sediment summer 140 ME005A-43JC 7.9 -83.6 -1368 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 141 MD01-2390 6.6 113.4 -1545 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 142 MD98-2181 6.3 125.8 -2114 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 143 18287-3 5.7 110.7 -598 alkenone marine sediment annual 144 SO189-119KL 3.52 96.32 -808 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 145 Turkana 2.71 36.54 360 TEX86 lake sediment annual 146 GeoB4905 2.5 9.4 -1328 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 147 MD03-2707 2.5 9.4 -1295 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 148 V21-30 1.22 89.68 -617 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 149 Sacred Lake 0.08 37.53 2350 GDGT lake sediment annual 150 SO189-39KL -0.78 99.9 -517 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 145 BJ870GGC -3.6 119.4 -482 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 151 GeoB3910 -4.2 -36.3 -2362 alkenone marine sediment annual 152 GeoB3129 -4.6 -36.6 -830 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 153 GeoB12610 -4.82 39.42 -399 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 154 MD98-2176 -5 133.4 -2382 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 143 GeoB6518-1 -5.6 11.2 -962 alkenone marine sediment annual 155 GeoB6518-1 -5.6 11.2 -962 GDGT marine sediment annual 156 SO139-74KL -6.54 103.83 -1690 alkenone marine sediment annual 157 "NP04-KH3,-KH4" -6.7 29.8 773 TEX86 marine sediment annual 158 BJ813GGC -7.4 115.2 -594 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 151 MD98-2165 -9.7 118.3 -2100 Mg/Ca marine sediment annual 159