# China 530 Year Multiproxy May-September Precipitation Field Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23056 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/shi2017/fig5cent.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-12-22 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-12-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: China 530 Year Multiproxy May-September Precipitation Field Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Shi, F.; Zhao, S.; Guo, Z.; Goosse, H.; Yin, Q. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Multiproxy precipitation field reconstructions for China over the past 531 years. # Data are available in Excel, netCDF, and text format, as follows: # 1. IGGPRE.1.0.anom.nc: China 531 Year Multiproxy Precipitation Reconstruction, netCDF format. See netCDF header below for contents # 2. itrdbmatrix.xlsx and itrdbmatrix.txt: the detrended and infilled version of 362 tree-ring chronologies, Excel and text formats # 3. oie_v1_3.m: the script for Optimal Information Extraction (OIE) version 1.3, Matlab script # 4. fig4_fig5_figs4.xlsx, fig4.txt, fig4sid.txt, fig4sia.txt, fig5lt.txt, fig5md.txt, fig5cent.txt: the data of Fig.4, Fig.5, and Fig.s4, Excel and text formats # 5. fig7.xlsx, fig7precip.txt, fig7precip-filt.txt: the reconstruction and model data of Fig.7, Excel and text formats # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Feng Shi, Sen Zhao, Zhengtang Guo, Hugues Goosse, and Qiuzhen Yin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-12-22 # Published_Title: Multi-proxy reconstructions of May-September precipitation field in China over the past 500 years # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 13 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1919-1938 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past.net/13/1919/2017/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The dominant modes of variability of precipitation for the whole of China over the past millennium and the mechanism governing their spatial structure remain unclear. This is mainly due to insufficient high-resolution proxy records of precipitation in western China. Numerous tree-ring chronologies have recently been archived in publicly available databases through PAGES2k activities, and these provide an opportunity to refine precipitation field reconstructions for China. Based on 479 proxy records, including 371 tree-ring width chronologies, a tree-ring isotope chronology, and 107 drought/flood indices, we reconstruct the precipitation field for China for the past half millennium using the optimal information extraction method. A total of 3631 of 4189 grid points in the reconstruction field passed the cross-validation process, accounting for 86.68% of the total number of grid points. The first leading mode of variability of the reconstruction shows coherent variations over most of China. The second mode is a north-south dipole in eastern China characterized by variations of the same sign in western China and northern China (except for Xinjiang province). It is likely controlled by the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The third mode is a "sandwich" triple mode in eastern China including variations of the same sign in western China and central China. The last two modes are reproduced by most of the six coupled climate models' last millennium simulations performed in the framework of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3). In particular, the link of the second mode with ENSO is confirmed by the models. However, there is a mismatch between models and proxy reconstructions in the time development of different modes. This mismatch suggests the important role of internal variability in the reconstructed precipitation mode variations of the past 500 years. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China # Grant: National Key R&D Program of China 2016YFA0600504 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41505081, 41690114, 41430531 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: China # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 52.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 20.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: 74.0 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Shi2017precip # Earliest_Year: 1470 # Most_Recent_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , CE, , , , ,N, ## precipC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Whole China precipitation centennial component ## precipWC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Western China precipitation centennial component ## precipEC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Eastern China precipitation centennial component # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE precipC precipWC precipEC 1470 -0.0811 -0.1474 -0.0219 1471 -0.0806 -0.1423 -0.0262 1472 -0.0800 -0.1373 -0.0304 1473 -0.0794 -0.1324 -0.0343 1474 -0.0788 -0.1275 -0.0381 1475 -0.0780 -0.1227 -0.0416 1476 -0.0772 -0.1179 -0.0450 1477 -0.0764 -0.1132 -0.0482 1478 -0.0754 -0.1085 -0.0512 1479 -0.0745 -0.1039 -0.0540 1480 -0.0734 -0.0993 -0.0566 1481 -0.0723 -0.0947 -0.0590 1482 -0.0712 -0.0903 -0.0613 1483 -0.0700 -0.0858 -0.0634 1484 -0.0687 -0.0815 -0.0653 1485 -0.0674 -0.0771 -0.0670 1486 -0.0660 -0.0728 -0.0686 1487 -0.0646 -0.0686 -0.0701 1488 -0.0631 -0.0644 -0.0713 1489 -0.0616 -0.0603 -0.0724 1490 -0.0600 -0.0562 -0.0734 1491 -0.0584 -0.0521 -0.0742 1492 -0.0567 -0.0482 -0.0749 1493 -0.0550 -0.0442 -0.0754 1494 -0.0532 -0.0403 -0.0758 1495 -0.0514 -0.0365 -0.0760 1496 -0.0495 -0.0327 -0.0761 1497 -0.0476 -0.0289 -0.0761 1498 -0.0457 -0.0252 -0.0759 1499 -0.0437 -0.0216 -0.0756 1500 -0.0416 -0.0179 -0.0752 1501 -0.0396 -0.0144 -0.0747 1502 -0.0375 -0.0109 -0.0740 1503 -0.0353 -0.0074 -0.0733 1504 -0.0331 -0.0040 -0.0724 1505 -0.0309 -0.0006 -0.0714 1506 -0.0287 0.0027 -0.0703 1507 -0.0264 0.0060 -0.0691 1508 -0.0241 0.0092 -0.0678 1509 -0.0217 0.0124 -0.0664 1510 -0.0193 0.0156 -0.0649 1511 -0.0169 0.0187 -0.0633 1512 -0.0145 0.0217 -0.0616 1513 -0.0120 0.0247 -0.0598 1514 -0.0095 0.0277 -0.0580 1515 -0.0069 0.0306 -0.0560 1516 -0.0044 0.0335 -0.0540 1517 -0.0018 0.0363 -0.0519 1518 0.0008 0.0391 -0.0497 1519 0.0035 0.0418 -0.0475 1520 0.0062 0.0445 -0.0452 1521 0.0089 0.0472 -0.0429 1522 0.0116 0.0498 -0.0404 1523 0.0143 0.0524 -0.0380 1524 0.0171 0.0549 -0.0355 1525 0.0199 0.0574 -0.0329 1526 0.0227 0.0598 -0.0303 1527 0.0254 0.0622 -0.0277 1528 0.0282 0.0645 -0.0250 1529 0.0310 0.0668 -0.0223 1530 0.0337 0.0691 -0.0196 1531 0.0364 0.0713 -0.0169 1532 0.0392 0.0734 -0.0142 1533 0.0418 0.0755 -0.0115 1534 0.0445 0.0775 -0.0088 1535 0.0471 0.0795 -0.0060 1536 0.0496 0.0814 -0.0033 1537 0.0522 0.0833 -0.0007 1538 0.0546 0.0851 0.0020 1539 0.0570 0.0868 0.0046 1540 0.0593 0.0885 0.0072 1541 0.0616 0.0901 0.0097 1542 0.0638 0.0917 0.0122 1543 0.0659 0.0932 0.0146 1544 0.0679 0.0946 0.0170 1545 0.0699 0.0960 0.0193 1546 0.0717 0.0973 0.0216 1547 0.0735 0.0985 0.0237 1548 0.0752 0.0997 0.0258 1549 0.0767 0.1008 0.0278 1550 0.0782 0.1018 0.0297 1551 0.0795 0.1027 0.0315 1552 0.0808 0.1036 0.0333 1553 0.0819 0.1044 0.0349 1554 0.0829 0.1051 0.0363 1555 0.0838 0.1057 0.0377 1556 0.0845 0.1063 0.0389 1557 0.0852 0.1067 0.0401 1558 0.0856 0.1071 0.0410 1559 0.0860 0.1074 0.0419 1560 0.0862 0.1076 0.0426 1561 0.0863 0.1077 0.0431 1562 0.0862 0.1077 0.0435 1563 0.0859 0.1076 0.0437 1564 0.0855 0.1074 0.0438 1565 0.0850 0.1071 0.0437 1566 0.0843 0.1068 0.0434 1567 0.0834 0.1063 0.0430 1568 0.0824 0.1057 0.0425 1569 0.0813 0.1050 0.0418 1570 0.0800 0.1042 0.0410 1571 0.0786 0.1033 0.0400 1572 0.0771 0.1023 0.0389 1573 0.0754 0.1012 0.0376 1574 0.0737 0.1000 0.0363 1575 0.0718 0.0987 0.0348 1576 0.0698 0.0973 0.0332 1577 0.0677 0.0958 0.0315 1578 0.0655 0.0942 0.0297 1579 0.0632 0.0926 0.0278 1580 0.0608 0.0908 0.0258 1581 0.0583 0.0890 0.0237 1582 0.0557 0.0870 0.0216 1583 0.0531 0.0850 0.0193 1584 0.0503 0.0830 0.0170 1585 0.0476 0.0808 0.0146 1586 0.0447 0.0786 0.0121 1587 0.0418 0.0762 0.0096 1588 0.0388 0.0739 0.0071 1589 0.0358 0.0714 0.0044 1590 0.0327 0.0689 0.0018 1591 0.0296 0.0663 -0.0009 1592 0.0265 0.0637 -0.0036 1593 0.0233 0.0610 -0.0064 1594 0.0201 0.0582 -0.0092 1595 0.0169 0.0554 -0.0120 1596 0.0136 0.0526 -0.0148 1597 0.0104 0.0497 -0.0176 1598 0.0071 0.0468 -0.0205 1599 0.0038 0.0438 -0.0233 1600 0.0006 0.0408 -0.0261 1601 -0.0027 0.0378 -0.0289 1602 -0.0059 0.0348 -0.0317 1603 -0.0092 0.0317 -0.0345 1604 -0.0124 0.0287 -0.0372 1605 -0.0155 0.0256 -0.0400 1606 -0.0187 0.0225 -0.0426 1607 -0.0218 0.0194 -0.0453 1608 -0.0248 0.0164 -0.0479 1609 -0.0278 0.0133 -0.0504 1610 -0.0308 0.0103 -0.0530 1611 -0.0337 0.0073 -0.0554 1612 -0.0365 0.0043 -0.0578 1613 -0.0392 0.0013 -0.0602 1614 -0.0419 -0.0016 -0.0624 1615 -0.0445 -0.0046 -0.0646 1616 -0.0470 -0.0074 -0.0668 1617 -0.0495 -0.0103 -0.0689 1618 -0.0519 -0.0130 -0.0709 1619 -0.0542 -0.0158 -0.0729 1620 -0.0564 -0.0185 -0.0748 1621 -0.0585 -0.0211 -0.0766 1622 -0.0606 -0.0237 -0.0783 1623 -0.0626 -0.0262 -0.0800 1624 -0.0645 -0.0287 -0.0816 1625 -0.0663 -0.0311 -0.0831 1626 -0.0680 -0.0334 -0.0845 1627 -0.0697 -0.0357 -0.0859 1628 -0.0712 -0.0380 -0.0872 1629 -0.0727 -0.0401 -0.0884 1630 -0.0741 -0.0422 -0.0896 1631 -0.0754 -0.0442 -0.0906 1632 -0.0766 -0.0461 -0.0916 1633 -0.0777 -0.0480 -0.0925 1634 -0.0788 -0.0498 -0.0933 1635 -0.0798 -0.0515 -0.0941 1636 -0.0806 -0.0531 -0.0948 1637 -0.0814 -0.0547 -0.0954 1638 -0.0821 -0.0562 -0.0959 1639 -0.0827 -0.0575 -0.0963 1640 -0.0833 -0.0588 -0.0967 1641 -0.0837 -0.0600 -0.0970 1642 -0.0841 -0.0612 -0.0972 1643 -0.0844 -0.0622 -0.0974 1644 -0.0846 -0.0631 -0.0975 1645 -0.0848 -0.0640 -0.0976 1646 -0.0849 -0.0648 -0.0976 1647 -0.0850 -0.0655 -0.0975 1648 -0.0850 -0.0661 -0.0975 1649 -0.0850 -0.0666 -0.0973 1650 -0.0849 -0.0671 -0.0971 1651 -0.0848 -0.0674 -0.0969 1652 -0.0846 -0.0678 -0.0967 1653 -0.0844 -0.0680 -0.0964 1654 -0.0843 -0.0682 -0.0961 1655 -0.0840 -0.0683 -0.0958 1656 -0.0838 -0.0683 -0.0955 1657 -0.0836 -0.0683 -0.0952 1658 -0.0833 -0.0683 -0.0948 1659 -0.0831 -0.0681 -0.0944 1660 -0.0829 -0.0679 -0.0941 1661 -0.0826 -0.0677 -0.0937 1662 -0.0824 -0.0674 -0.0933 1663 -0.0822 -0.0671 -0.0930 1664 -0.0821 -0.0667 -0.0926 1665 -0.0819 -0.0663 -0.0923 1666 -0.0817 -0.0658 -0.0919 1667 -0.0816 -0.0653 -0.0916 1668 -0.0815 -0.0647 -0.0912 1669 -0.0813 -0.0641 -0.0908 1670 -0.0812 -0.0635 -0.0905 1671 -0.0811 -0.0628 -0.0901 1672 -0.0810 -0.0620 -0.0897 1673 -0.0808 -0.0613 -0.0893 1674 -0.0807 -0.0605 -0.0889 1675 -0.0806 -0.0596 -0.0885 1676 -0.0804 -0.0587 -0.0881 1677 -0.0802 -0.0577 -0.0876 1678 -0.0800 -0.0567 -0.0871 1679 -0.0798 -0.0557 -0.0866 1680 -0.0795 -0.0546 -0.0861 1681 -0.0793 -0.0535 -0.0856 1682 -0.0790 -0.0524 -0.0850 1683 -0.0786 -0.0512 -0.0844 1684 -0.0782 -0.0499 -0.0837 1685 -0.0778 -0.0486 -0.0831 1686 -0.0774 -0.0473 -0.0823 1687 -0.0768 -0.0460 -0.0816 1688 -0.0763 -0.0446 -0.0808 1689 -0.0757 -0.0431 -0.0800 1690 -0.0750 -0.0417 -0.0791 1691 -0.0743 -0.0401 -0.0782 1692 -0.0735 -0.0386 -0.0772 1693 -0.0726 -0.0370 -0.0762 1694 -0.0716 -0.0353 -0.0752 1695 -0.0706 -0.0337 -0.0741 1696 -0.0695 -0.0319 -0.0729 1697 -0.0683 -0.0302 -0.0717 1698 -0.0670 -0.0284 -0.0705 1699 -0.0657 -0.0265 -0.0693 1700 -0.0642 -0.0246 -0.0679 1701 -0.0626 -0.0227 -0.0666 1702 -0.0610 -0.0207 -0.0652 1703 -0.0592 -0.0187 -0.0637 1704 -0.0573 -0.0166 -0.0622 1705 -0.0553 -0.0146 -0.0606 1706 -0.0532 -0.0124 -0.0590 1707 -0.0510 -0.0103 -0.0573 1708 -0.0487 -0.0081 -0.0556 1709 -0.0463 -0.0059 -0.0538 1710 -0.0437 -0.0037 -0.0520 1711 -0.0411 -0.0014 -0.0502 1712 -0.0384 0.0008 -0.0482 1713 -0.0356 0.0031 -0.0463 1714 -0.0328 0.0053 -0.0443 1715 -0.0298 0.0076 -0.0423 1716 -0.0269 0.0098 -0.0402 1717 -0.0238 0.0120 -0.0381 1718 -0.0208 0.0142 -0.0360 1719 -0.0177 0.0164 -0.0339 1720 -0.0147 0.0186 -0.0317 1721 -0.0116 0.0207 -0.0296 1722 -0.0085 0.0228 -0.0274 1723 -0.0054 0.0248 -0.0252 1724 -0.0024 0.0268 -0.0230 1725 0.0006 0.0288 -0.0208 1726 0.0036 0.0306 -0.0186 1727 0.0065 0.0324 -0.0165 1728 0.0093 0.0342 -0.0143 1729 0.0121 0.0359 -0.0122 1730 0.0148 0.0375 -0.0101 1731 0.0175 0.0390 -0.0080 1732 0.0200 0.0404 -0.0060 1733 0.0224 0.0418 -0.0040 1734 0.0247 0.0430 -0.0021 1735 0.0270 0.0441 -0.0002 1736 0.0290 0.0452 0.0017 1737 0.0310 0.0461 0.0035 1738 0.0328 0.0469 0.0052 1739 0.0344 0.0476 0.0068 1740 0.0359 0.0482 0.0084 1741 0.0373 0.0486 0.0098 1742 0.0385 0.0490 0.0112 1743 0.0395 0.0492 0.0125 1744 0.0404 0.0494 0.0136 1745 0.0411 0.0495 0.0146 1746 0.0417 0.0494 0.0154 1747 0.0421 0.0493 0.0162 1748 0.0424 0.0492 0.0167 1749 0.0425 0.0489 0.0171 1750 0.0424 0.0486 0.0173 1751 0.0422 0.0483 0.0174 1752 0.0419 0.0479 0.0172 1753 0.0414 0.0475 0.0169 1754 0.0408 0.0471 0.0164 1755 0.0400 0.0467 0.0157 1756 0.0392 0.0462 0.0149 1757 0.0382 0.0458 0.0138 1758 0.0371 0.0453 0.0126 1759 0.0359 0.0449 0.0112 1760 0.0346 0.0445 0.0097 1761 0.0332 0.0441 0.0080 1762 0.0317 0.0437 0.0061 1763 0.0302 0.0434 0.0041 1764 0.0286 0.0431 0.0019 1765 0.0269 0.0428 -0.0004 1766 0.0252 0.0426 -0.0028 1767 0.0234 0.0423 -0.0054 1768 0.0216 0.0421 -0.0080 1769 0.0198 0.0419 -0.0107 1770 0.0180 0.0417 -0.0135 1771 0.0161 0.0415 -0.0163 1772 0.0143 0.0414 -0.0192 1773 0.0124 0.0412 -0.0221 1774 0.0105 0.0410 -0.0250 1775 0.0087 0.0408 -0.0279 1776 0.0068 0.0407 -0.0307 1777 0.0050 0.0405 -0.0336 1778 0.0032 0.0403 -0.0363 1779 0.0014 0.0400 -0.0391 1780 -0.0003 0.0397 -0.0417 1781 -0.0020 0.0394 -0.0442 1782 -0.0036 0.0390 -0.0466 1783 -0.0052 0.0385 -0.0489 1784 -0.0068 0.0380 -0.0511 1785 -0.0082 0.0374 -0.0531 1786 -0.0096 0.0367 -0.0549 1787 -0.0110 0.0359 -0.0566 1788 -0.0122 0.0350 -0.0581 1789 -0.0134 0.0340 -0.0594 1790 -0.0145 0.0329 -0.0605 1791 -0.0155 0.0317 -0.0615 1792 -0.0164 0.0305 -0.0622 1793 -0.0172 0.0292 -0.0627 1794 -0.0180 0.0278 -0.0630 1795 -0.0186 0.0263 -0.0632 1796 -0.0191 0.0248 -0.0631 1797 -0.0196 0.0233 -0.0628 1798 -0.0199 0.0217 -0.0623 1799 -0.0201 0.0202 -0.0616 1800 -0.0203 0.0185 -0.0607 1801 -0.0203 0.0169 -0.0596 1802 -0.0203 0.0153 -0.0584 1803 -0.0201 0.0137 -0.0569 1804 -0.0199 0.0121 -0.0553 1805 -0.0195 0.0105 -0.0535 1806 -0.0191 0.0089 -0.0515 1807 -0.0186 0.0073 -0.0494 1808 -0.0181 0.0058 -0.0471 1809 -0.0174 0.0043 -0.0447 1810 -0.0167 0.0029 -0.0422 1811 -0.0159 0.0015 -0.0395 1812 -0.0150 0.0002 -0.0368 1813 -0.0141 -0.0010 -0.0340 1814 -0.0131 -0.0022 -0.0311 1815 -0.0120 -0.0034 -0.0281 1816 -0.0109 -0.0044 -0.0251 1817 -0.0098 -0.0054 -0.0221 1818 -0.0086 -0.0062 -0.0190 1819 -0.0074 -0.0070 -0.0160 1820 -0.0061 -0.0077 -0.0129 1821 -0.0048 -0.0082 -0.0099 1822 -0.0035 -0.0087 -0.0068 1823 -0.0021 -0.0091 -0.0039 1824 -0.0008 -0.0094 -0.0009 1825 0.0006 -0.0096 0.0020 1826 0.0020 -0.0097 0.0048 1827 0.0033 -0.0097 0.0075 1828 0.0047 -0.0097 0.0102 1829 0.0060 -0.0096 0.0128 1830 0.0073 -0.0094 0.0153 1831 0.0086 -0.0091 0.0178 1832 0.0099 -0.0088 0.0201 1833 0.0111 -0.0085 0.0223 1834 0.0123 -0.0080 0.0244 1835 0.0135 -0.0076 0.0265 1836 0.0146 -0.0070 0.0284 1837 0.0156 -0.0065 0.0302 1838 0.0166 -0.0059 0.0318 1839 0.0176 -0.0053 0.0334 1840 0.0184 -0.0046 0.0348 1841 0.0192 -0.0040 0.0361 1842 0.0199 -0.0033 0.0372 1843 0.0206 -0.0026 0.0382 1844 0.0211 -0.0020 0.0391 1845 0.0216 -0.0013 0.0399 1846 0.0220 -0.0006 0.0406 1847 0.0223 0.0001 0.0411 1848 0.0226 0.0008 0.0416 1849 0.0228 0.0015 0.0419 1850 0.0229 0.0021 0.0422 1851 0.0230 0.0028 0.0423 1852 0.0230 0.0035 0.0424 1853 0.0230 0.0041 0.0425 1854 0.0230 0.0048 0.0424 1855 0.0229 0.0054 0.0424 1856 0.0228 0.0060 0.0422 1857 0.0227 0.0066 0.0421 1858 0.0225 0.0072 0.0419 1859 0.0224 0.0078 0.0417 1860 0.0222 0.0084 0.0415 1861 0.0221 0.0089 0.0413 1862 0.0219 0.0094 0.0411 1863 0.0218 0.0099 0.0409 1864 0.0217 0.0104 0.0407 1865 0.0216 0.0109 0.0406 1866 0.0215 0.0113 0.0405 1867 0.0215 0.0118 0.0404 1868 0.0215 0.0122 0.0404 1869 0.0215 0.0125 0.0404 1870 0.0216 0.0129 0.0405 1871 0.0217 0.0132 0.0406 1872 0.0219 0.0135 0.0407 1873 0.0222 0.0138 0.0409 1874 0.0224 0.0140 0.0412 1875 0.0228 0.0142 0.0415 1876 0.0231 0.0144 0.0419 1877 0.0235 0.0145 0.0423 1878 0.0239 0.0146 0.0428 1879 0.0244 0.0146 0.0434 1880 0.0249 0.0147 0.0440 1881 0.0254 0.0146 0.0446 1882 0.0260 0.0146 0.0453 1883 0.0266 0.0144 0.0461 1884 0.0272 0.0143 0.0469 1885 0.0279 0.0141 0.0478 1886 0.0285 0.0138 0.0487 1887 0.0292 0.0135 0.0496 1888 0.0299 0.0132 0.0506 1889 0.0306 0.0128 0.0516 1890 0.0314 0.0123 0.0527 1891 0.0321 0.0118 0.0538 1892 0.0329 0.0113 0.0549 1893 0.0336 0.0106 0.0561 1894 0.0344 0.0100 0.0573 1895 0.0352 0.0093 0.0585 1896 0.0360 0.0085 0.0597 1897 0.0367 0.0077 0.0610 1898 0.0375 0.0068 0.0622 1899 0.0382 0.0059 0.0635 1900 0.0390 0.0049 0.0648 1901 0.0397 0.0038 0.0661 1902 0.0404 0.0027 0.0674 1903 0.0410 0.0016 0.0687 1904 0.0417 0.0004 0.0700 1905 0.0423 -0.0008 0.0714 1906 0.0429 -0.0021 0.0727 1907 0.0434 -0.0035 0.0740 1908 0.0439 -0.0048 0.0753 1909 0.0443 -0.0062 0.0766 1910 0.0447 -0.0077 0.0778 1911 0.0451 -0.0092 0.0791 1912 0.0454 -0.0107 0.0804 1913 0.0456 -0.0122 0.0816 1914 0.0458 -0.0138 0.0828 1915 0.0459 -0.0154 0.0840 1916 0.0460 -0.0170 0.0851 1917 0.0459 -0.0187 0.0862 1918 0.0458 -0.0204 0.0873 1919 0.0456 -0.0221 0.0884 1920 0.0454 -0.0238 0.0894 1921 0.0450 -0.0255 0.0903 1922 0.0446 -0.0273 0.0912 1923 0.0441 -0.0291 0.0921 1924 0.0435 -0.0308 0.0929 1925 0.0428 -0.0326 0.0936 1926 0.0421 -0.0344 0.0942 1927 0.0412 -0.0362 0.0948 1928 0.0403 -0.0380 0.0953 1929 0.0393 -0.0398 0.0957 1930 0.0383 -0.0416 0.0961 1931 0.0371 -0.0433 0.0963 1932 0.0359 -0.0451 0.0965 1933 0.0346 -0.0468 0.0965 1934 0.0333 -0.0485 0.0965 1935 0.0319 -0.0502 0.0964 1936 0.0304 -0.0518 0.0961 1937 0.0289 -0.0535 0.0958 1938 0.0274 -0.0550 0.0953 1939 0.0258 -0.0566 0.0948 1940 0.0241 -0.0580 0.0941 1941 0.0225 -0.0595 0.0933 1942 0.0208 -0.0608 0.0925 1943 0.0190 -0.0622 0.0915 1944 0.0173 -0.0634 0.0904 1945 0.0155 -0.0646 0.0893 1946 0.0137 -0.0657 0.0880 1947 0.0120 -0.0668 0.0867 1948 0.0102 -0.0677 0.0852 1949 0.0084 -0.0686 0.0837 1950 0.0066 -0.0694 0.0820 1951 0.0048 -0.0701 0.0803 1952 0.0030 -0.0707 0.0785 1953 0.0012 -0.0712 0.0765 1954 -0.0005 -0.0716 0.0745 1955 -0.0023 -0.0719 0.0724 1956 -0.0040 -0.0721 0.0702 1957 -0.0056 -0.0722 0.0680 1958 -0.0073 -0.0722 0.0656 1959 -0.0089 -0.0720 0.0631 1960 -0.0104 -0.0718 0.0606 1961 -0.0119 -0.0714 0.0580 1962 -0.0134 -0.0708 0.0553 1963 -0.0148 -0.0702 0.0525 1964 -0.0161 -0.0694 0.0496 1965 -0.0174 -0.0684 0.0467 1966 -0.0186 -0.0673 0.0436 1967 -0.0198 -0.0661 0.0405 1968 -0.0208 -0.0647 0.0373 1969 -0.0218 -0.0631 0.0341 1970 -0.0227 -0.0614 0.0308 1971 -0.0235 -0.0595 0.0273 1972 -0.0243 -0.0575 0.0239 1973 -0.0249 -0.0552 0.0203 1974 -0.0254 -0.0528 0.0167 1975 -0.0258 -0.0503 0.0130 1976 -0.0262 -0.0475 0.0092 1977 -0.0264 -0.0445 0.0054 1978 -0.0265 -0.0414 0.0015 1979 -0.0264 -0.0381 -0.0025 1980 -0.0263 -0.0345 -0.0066 1981 -0.0260 -0.0308 -0.0107 1982 -0.0256 -0.0268 -0.0148 1983 -0.0250 -0.0227 -0.0191 1984 -0.0243 -0.0183 -0.0233 1985 -0.0235 -0.0137 -0.0277 1986 -0.0225 -0.0089 -0.0321 1987 -0.0214 -0.0039 -0.0366 1988 -0.0201 0.0014 -0.0411 1989 -0.0186 0.0069 -0.0457 1990 -0.0170 0.0126 -0.0503 1991 -0.0152 0.0186 -0.0550 1992 -0.0132 0.0248 -0.0598 1993 -0.0111 0.0313 -0.0646 1994 -0.0088 0.0380 -0.0694 1995 -0.0062 0.0450 -0.0743 1996 -0.0035 0.0523 -0.0793 1997 -0.0006 0.0598 -0.0843 1998 0.0024 0.0675 -0.0893 1999 0.0057 0.0756 -0.0944 2000 0.0092 0.0839 -0.0996