# China 530 Year Multiproxy May-September Precipitation Field Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23056 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/shi2017/fig5lt.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-12-22 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-12-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: China 530 Year Multiproxy May-September Precipitation Field Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Shi, F.; Zhao, S.; Guo, Z.; Goosse, H.; Yin, Q. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Multiproxy precipitation field reconstructions for China over the past 531 years. # Data are available in Excel, netCDF, and text format, as follows: # 1. IGGPRE.1.0.anom.nc: China 531 Year Multiproxy Precipitation Reconstruction, netCDF format. See netCDF header below for contents # 2. itrdbmatrix.xlsx and itrdbmatrix.txt: the detrended and infilled version of 362 tree-ring chronologies, Excel and text formats # 3. oie_v1_3.m: the script for Optimal Information Extraction (OIE) version 1.3, Matlab script # 4. fig4_fig5_figs4.xlsx, fig4.txt, fig4sid.txt, fig4sia.txt, fig5lt.txt, fig5md.txt, fig5cent.txt: the data of Fig.4, Fig.5, and Fig.s4, Excel and text formats # 5. fig7.xlsx, fig7precip.txt, fig7precip-filt.txt: the reconstruction and model data of Fig.7, Excel and text formats # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Feng Shi, Sen Zhao, Zhengtang Guo, Hugues Goosse, and Qiuzhen Yin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-12-22 # Published_Title: Multi-proxy reconstructions of May-September precipitation field in China over the past 500 years # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 13 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1919-1938 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past.net/13/1919/2017/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The dominant modes of variability of precipitation for the whole of China over the past millennium and the mechanism governing their spatial structure remain unclear. This is mainly due to insufficient high-resolution proxy records of precipitation in western China. Numerous tree-ring chronologies have recently been archived in publicly available databases through PAGES2k activities, and these provide an opportunity to refine precipitation field reconstructions for China. Based on 479 proxy records, including 371 tree-ring width chronologies, a tree-ring isotope chronology, and 107 drought/flood indices, we reconstruct the precipitation field for China for the past half millennium using the optimal information extraction method. A total of 3631 of 4189 grid points in the reconstruction field passed the cross-validation process, accounting for 86.68% of the total number of grid points. The first leading mode of variability of the reconstruction shows coherent variations over most of China. The second mode is a north-south dipole in eastern China characterized by variations of the same sign in western China and northern China (except for Xinjiang province). It is likely controlled by the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The third mode is a "sandwich" triple mode in eastern China including variations of the same sign in western China and central China. The last two modes are reproduced by most of the six coupled climate models' last millennium simulations performed in the framework of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3). In particular, the link of the second mode with ENSO is confirmed by the models. However, there is a mismatch between models and proxy reconstructions in the time development of different modes. This mismatch suggests the important role of internal variability in the reconstructed precipitation mode variations of the past 500 years. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China # Grant: National Key R&D Program of China 2016YFA0600504 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41505081, 41690114, 41430531 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: China # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 52.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 20.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: 74.0 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Shi2017precip # Earliest_Year: 1470 # Most_Recent_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , CE, , , , ,N, ## precipC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Whole China precipitation long-term trend ## precipWC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Western China precipitation long-term trend ## precipEC precipitation, tree ring width+documents, , mm/day, May-Sep, climate reconstructions,,,N, Eastern China precipitation long-term trend # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE precipC precipWC precipEC 1470 -0.0217 -0.0816 0.0465 1471 -0.0212 -0.0818 0.0477 1472 -0.0207 -0.0820 0.0489 1473 -0.0203 -0.0822 0.0501 1474 -0.0198 -0.0824 0.0513 1475 -0.0193 -0.0826 0.0525 1476 -0.0188 -0.0828 0.0536 1477 -0.0184 -0.0829 0.0548 1478 -0.0179 -0.0831 0.0560 1479 -0.0174 -0.0833 0.0571 1480 -0.0170 -0.0835 0.0583 1481 -0.0165 -0.0837 0.0594 1482 -0.0160 -0.0839 0.0606 1483 -0.0156 -0.0840 0.0617 1484 -0.0151 -0.0842 0.0628 1485 -0.0147 -0.0844 0.0640 1486 -0.0142 -0.0845 0.0651 1487 -0.0137 -0.0847 0.0662 1488 -0.0133 -0.0849 0.0673 1489 -0.0128 -0.0850 0.0684 1490 -0.0124 -0.0852 0.0696 1491 -0.0119 -0.0854 0.0707 1492 -0.0115 -0.0855 0.0718 1493 -0.0110 -0.0857 0.0728 1494 -0.0106 -0.0858 0.0739 1495 -0.0101 -0.0860 0.0750 1496 -0.0097 -0.0861 0.0761 1497 -0.0092 -0.0863 0.0772 1498 -0.0088 -0.0864 0.0782 1499 -0.0083 -0.0866 0.0793 1500 -0.0079 -0.0867 0.0804 1501 -0.0075 -0.0869 0.0814 1502 -0.0070 -0.0870 0.0825 1503 -0.0066 -0.0871 0.0835 1504 -0.0061 -0.0873 0.0846 1505 -0.0057 -0.0874 0.0856 1506 -0.0053 -0.0875 0.0866 1507 -0.0048 -0.0877 0.0877 1508 -0.0044 -0.0878 0.0887 1509 -0.0040 -0.0879 0.0897 1510 -0.0036 -0.0880 0.0907 1511 -0.0031 -0.0881 0.0917 1512 -0.0027 -0.0883 0.0927 1513 -0.0023 -0.0884 0.0937 1514 -0.0019 -0.0885 0.0947 1515 -0.0014 -0.0886 0.0957 1516 -0.0010 -0.0887 0.0967 1517 -0.0006 -0.0888 0.0977 1518 -0.0002 -0.0889 0.0987 1519 0.0002 -0.0890 0.0996 1520 0.0006 -0.0891 0.1006 1521 0.0011 -0.0892 0.1016 1522 0.0015 -0.0893 0.1025 1523 0.0019 -0.0894 0.1035 1524 0.0023 -0.0895 0.1044 1525 0.0027 -0.0896 0.1054 1526 0.0031 -0.0897 0.1063 1527 0.0035 -0.0898 0.1072 1528 0.0039 -0.0899 0.1082 1529 0.0043 -0.0899 0.1091 1530 0.0047 -0.0900 0.1100 1531 0.0051 -0.0901 0.1109 1532 0.0055 -0.0902 0.1118 1533 0.0059 -0.0903 0.1127 1534 0.0063 -0.0903 0.1136 1535 0.0067 -0.0904 0.1145 1536 0.0071 -0.0905 0.1154 1537 0.0075 -0.0905 0.1163 1538 0.0079 -0.0906 0.1172 1539 0.0083 -0.0907 0.1181 1540 0.0086 -0.0907 0.1190 1541 0.0090 -0.0908 0.1198 1542 0.0094 -0.0908 0.1207 1543 0.0098 -0.0909 0.1215 1544 0.0102 -0.0909 0.1224 1545 0.0106 -0.0910 0.1232 1546 0.0109 -0.0910 0.1241 1547 0.0113 -0.0911 0.1249 1548 0.0117 -0.0911 0.1258 1549 0.0121 -0.0912 0.1266 1550 0.0125 -0.0912 0.1274 1551 0.0128 -0.0913 0.1283 1552 0.0132 -0.0913 0.1291 1553 0.0136 -0.0913 0.1299 1554 0.0139 -0.0914 0.1307 1555 0.0143 -0.0914 0.1315 1556 0.0147 -0.0914 0.1323 1557 0.0150 -0.0914 0.1331 1558 0.0154 -0.0915 0.1339 1559 0.0158 -0.0915 0.1347 1560 0.0161 -0.0915 0.1354 1561 0.0165 -0.0915 0.1362 1562 0.0168 -0.0915 0.1370 1563 0.0172 -0.0916 0.1378 1564 0.0176 -0.0916 0.1385 1565 0.0179 -0.0916 0.1393 1566 0.0183 -0.0916 0.1400 1567 0.0186 -0.0916 0.1408 1568 0.0190 -0.0916 0.1415 1569 0.0193 -0.0916 0.1422 1570 0.0197 -0.0916 0.1430 1571 0.0200 -0.0916 0.1437 1572 0.0203 -0.0916 0.1444 1573 0.0207 -0.0916 0.1451 1574 0.0210 -0.0916 0.1459 1575 0.0214 -0.0916 0.1466 1576 0.0217 -0.0916 0.1473 1577 0.0221 -0.0915 0.1480 1578 0.0224 -0.0915 0.1487 1579 0.0227 -0.0915 0.1494 1580 0.0231 -0.0915 0.1500 1581 0.0234 -0.0915 0.1507 1582 0.0237 -0.0914 0.1514 1583 0.0241 -0.0914 0.1521 1584 0.0244 -0.0914 0.1527 1585 0.0247 -0.0914 0.1534 1586 0.0250 -0.0913 0.1541 1587 0.0254 -0.0913 0.1547 1588 0.0257 -0.0913 0.1554 1589 0.0260 -0.0912 0.1560 1590 0.0263 -0.0912 0.1567 1591 0.0266 -0.0911 0.1573 1592 0.0270 -0.0911 0.1579 1593 0.0273 -0.0910 0.1585 1594 0.0276 -0.0910 0.1592 1595 0.0279 -0.0909 0.1598 1596 0.0282 -0.0909 0.1604 1597 0.0285 -0.0908 0.1610 1598 0.0288 -0.0908 0.1616 1599 0.0292 -0.0907 0.1622 1600 0.0295 -0.0907 0.1628 1601 0.0298 -0.0906 0.1634 1602 0.0301 -0.0905 0.1639 1603 0.0304 -0.0905 0.1645 1604 0.0307 -0.0904 0.1651 1605 0.0310 -0.0903 0.1657 1606 0.0313 -0.0903 0.1662 1607 0.0316 -0.0902 0.1668 1608 0.0319 -0.0901 0.1673 1609 0.0322 -0.0900 0.1679 1610 0.0325 -0.0899 0.1684 1611 0.0328 -0.0899 0.1690 1612 0.0330 -0.0898 0.1695 1613 0.0333 -0.0897 0.1700 1614 0.0336 -0.0896 0.1706 1615 0.0339 -0.0895 0.1711 1616 0.0342 -0.0894 0.1716 1617 0.0345 -0.0893 0.1721 1618 0.0348 -0.0892 0.1726 1619 0.0350 -0.0891 0.1731 1620 0.0353 -0.0890 0.1736 1621 0.0356 -0.0889 0.1741 1622 0.0359 -0.0888 0.1746 1623 0.0362 -0.0887 0.1751 1624 0.0364 -0.0886 0.1756 1625 0.0367 -0.0885 0.1760 1626 0.0370 -0.0884 0.1765 1627 0.0373 -0.0883 0.1770 1628 0.0375 -0.0881 0.1774 1629 0.0378 -0.0880 0.1779 1630 0.0381 -0.0879 0.1783 1631 0.0383 -0.0878 0.1788 1632 0.0386 -0.0876 0.1792 1633 0.0389 -0.0875 0.1797 1634 0.0391 -0.0874 0.1801 1635 0.0394 -0.0873 0.1805 1636 0.0396 -0.0871 0.1809 1637 0.0399 -0.0870 0.1814 1638 0.0401 -0.0868 0.1818 1639 0.0404 -0.0867 0.1822 1640 0.0407 -0.0866 0.1826 1641 0.0409 -0.0864 0.1830 1642 0.0412 -0.0863 0.1834 1643 0.0414 -0.0861 0.1838 1644 0.0417 -0.0860 0.1841 1645 0.0419 -0.0858 0.1845 1646 0.0422 -0.0857 0.1849 1647 0.0424 -0.0855 0.1853 1648 0.0426 -0.0854 0.1856 1649 0.0429 -0.0852 0.1860 1650 0.0431 -0.0850 0.1863 1651 0.0434 -0.0849 0.1867 1652 0.0436 -0.0847 0.1870 1653 0.0438 -0.0845 0.1874 1654 0.0441 -0.0844 0.1877 1655 0.0443 -0.0842 0.1880 1656 0.0445 -0.0840 0.1884 1657 0.0448 -0.0838 0.1887 1658 0.0450 -0.0837 0.1890 1659 0.0452 -0.0835 0.1893 1660 0.0454 -0.0833 0.1896 1661 0.0457 -0.0831 0.1899 1662 0.0459 -0.0829 0.1902 1663 0.0461 -0.0827 0.1905 1664 0.0463 -0.0825 0.1908 1665 0.0466 -0.0824 0.1911 1666 0.0468 -0.0822 0.1914 1667 0.0470 -0.0820 0.1917 1668 0.0472 -0.0818 0.1919 1669 0.0474 -0.0816 0.1922 1670 0.0476 -0.0814 0.1924 1671 0.0479 -0.0812 0.1927 1672 0.0481 -0.0810 0.1930 1673 0.0483 -0.0807 0.1932 1674 0.0485 -0.0805 0.1934 1675 0.0487 -0.0803 0.1937 1676 0.0489 -0.0801 0.1939 1677 0.0491 -0.0799 0.1941 1678 0.0493 -0.0797 0.1944 1679 0.0495 -0.0794 0.1946 1680 0.0497 -0.0792 0.1948 1681 0.0499 -0.0790 0.1950 1682 0.0501 -0.0788 0.1952 1683 0.0503 -0.0785 0.1954 1684 0.0505 -0.0783 0.1956 1685 0.0507 -0.0781 0.1958 1686 0.0509 -0.0778 0.1960 1687 0.0511 -0.0776 0.1961 1688 0.0513 -0.0774 0.1963 1689 0.0514 -0.0771 0.1965 1690 0.0516 -0.0769 0.1967 1691 0.0518 -0.0766 0.1968 1692 0.0520 -0.0764 0.1970 1693 0.0522 -0.0761 0.1971 1694 0.0524 -0.0759 0.1973 1695 0.0525 -0.0756 0.1974 1696 0.0527 -0.0754 0.1975 1697 0.0529 -0.0751 0.1977 1698 0.0531 -0.0749 0.1978 1699 0.0533 -0.0746 0.1979 1700 0.0534 -0.0743 0.1980 1701 0.0536 -0.0741 0.1982 1702 0.0538 -0.0738 0.1983 1703 0.0539 -0.0735 0.1984 1704 0.0541 -0.0733 0.1985 1705 0.0543 -0.0730 0.1986 1706 0.0544 -0.0727 0.1986 1707 0.0546 -0.0724 0.1987 1708 0.0548 -0.0722 0.1988 1709 0.0549 -0.0719 0.1989 1710 0.0551 -0.0716 0.1989 1711 0.0552 -0.0713 0.1990 1712 0.0554 -0.0710 0.1991 1713 0.0556 -0.0707 0.1991 1714 0.0557 -0.0704 0.1992 1715 0.0559 -0.0701 0.1992 1716 0.0560 -0.0698 0.1993 1717 0.0562 -0.0695 0.1993 1718 0.0563 -0.0692 0.1993 1719 0.0565 -0.0689 0.1994 1720 0.0566 -0.0686 0.1994 1721 0.0567 -0.0683 0.1994 1722 0.0569 -0.0680 0.1994 1723 0.0570 -0.0677 0.1994 1724 0.0572 -0.0674 0.1994 1725 0.0573 -0.0671 0.1994 1726 0.0575 -0.0668 0.1994 1727 0.0576 -0.0665 0.1994 1728 0.0577 -0.0661 0.1994 1729 0.0579 -0.0658 0.1994 1730 0.0580 -0.0655 0.1993 1731 0.0581 -0.0652 0.1993 1732 0.0583 -0.0648 0.1993 1733 0.0584 -0.0645 0.1992 1734 0.0585 -0.0642 0.1992 1735 0.0586 -0.0638 0.1991 1736 0.0588 -0.0635 0.1991 1737 0.0589 -0.0632 0.1990 1738 0.0590 -0.0628 0.1990 1739 0.0591 -0.0625 0.1989 1740 0.0592 -0.0621 0.1988 1741 0.0594 -0.0618 0.1987 1742 0.0595 -0.0614 0.1986 1743 0.0596 -0.0611 0.1986 1744 0.0597 -0.0607 0.1985 1745 0.0598 -0.0604 0.1984 1746 0.0599 -0.0600 0.1983 1747 0.0600 -0.0597 0.1982 1748 0.0601 -0.0593 0.1980 1749 0.0603 -0.0589 0.1979 1750 0.0604 -0.0586 0.1978 1751 0.0605 -0.0582 0.1977 1752 0.0606 -0.0578 0.1975 1753 0.0607 -0.0575 0.1974 1754 0.0608 -0.0571 0.1973 1755 0.0609 -0.0567 0.1971 1756 0.0610 -0.0563 0.1970 1757 0.0611 -0.0560 0.1968 1758 0.0612 -0.0556 0.1966 1759 0.0613 -0.0552 0.1965 1760 0.0613 -0.0548 0.1963 1761 0.0614 -0.0544 0.1961 1762 0.0615 -0.0540 0.1960 1763 0.0616 -0.0536 0.1958 1764 0.0617 -0.0533 0.1956 1765 0.0618 -0.0529 0.1954 1766 0.0619 -0.0525 0.1952 1767 0.0620 -0.0521 0.1950 1768 0.0620 -0.0517 0.1948 1769 0.0621 -0.0513 0.1946 1770 0.0622 -0.0508 0.1943 1771 0.0623 -0.0504 0.1941 1772 0.0623 -0.0500 0.1939 1773 0.0624 -0.0496 0.1937 1774 0.0625 -0.0492 0.1934 1775 0.0626 -0.0488 0.1932 1776 0.0626 -0.0484 0.1929 1777 0.0627 -0.0480 0.1927 1778 0.0628 -0.0475 0.1924 1779 0.0628 -0.0471 0.1922 1780 0.0629 -0.0467 0.1919 1781 0.0630 -0.0463 0.1916 1782 0.0630 -0.0458 0.1913 1783 0.0631 -0.0454 0.1911 1784 0.0632 -0.0450 0.1908 1785 0.0632 -0.0445 0.1905 1786 0.0633 -0.0441 0.1902 1787 0.0633 -0.0436 0.1899 1788 0.0634 -0.0432 0.1896 1789 0.0634 -0.0428 0.1893 1790 0.0635 -0.0423 0.1890 1791 0.0635 -0.0419 0.1886 1792 0.0636 -0.0414 0.1883 1793 0.0636 -0.0410 0.1880 1794 0.0637 -0.0405 0.1877 1795 0.0637 -0.0401 0.1873 1796 0.0638 -0.0396 0.1870 1797 0.0638 -0.0391 0.1866 1798 0.0639 -0.0387 0.1863 1799 0.0639 -0.0382 0.1859 1800 0.0639 -0.0377 0.1855 1801 0.0640 -0.0373 0.1852 1802 0.0640 -0.0368 0.1848 1803 0.0640 -0.0363 0.1844 1804 0.0641 -0.0359 0.1840 1805 0.0641 -0.0354 0.1837 1806 0.0641 -0.0349 0.1833 1807 0.0642 -0.0344 0.1829 1808 0.0642 -0.0339 0.1825 1809 0.0642 -0.0335 0.1821 1810 0.0642 -0.0330 0.1816 1811 0.0643 -0.0325 0.1812 1812 0.0643 -0.0320 0.1808 1813 0.0643 -0.0315 0.1804 1814 0.0643 -0.0310 0.1800 1815 0.0643 -0.0305 0.1795 1816 0.0644 -0.0300 0.1791 1817 0.0644 -0.0295 0.1786 1818 0.0644 -0.0290 0.1782 1819 0.0644 -0.0285 0.1777 1820 0.0644 -0.0280 0.1773 1821 0.0644 -0.0275 0.1768 1822 0.0644 -0.0270 0.1763 1823 0.0644 -0.0265 0.1759 1824 0.0644 -0.0259 0.1754 1825 0.0644 -0.0254 0.1749 1826 0.0644 -0.0249 0.1744 1827 0.0644 -0.0244 0.1739 1828 0.0644 -0.0239 0.1734 1829 0.0644 -0.0233 0.1729 1830 0.0644 -0.0228 0.1724 1831 0.0644 -0.0223 0.1719 1832 0.0644 -0.0218 0.1714 1833 0.0644 -0.0212 0.1708 1834 0.0644 -0.0207 0.1703 1835 0.0644 -0.0201 0.1698 1836 0.0644 -0.0196 0.1692 1837 0.0644 -0.0191 0.1687 1838 0.0644 -0.0185 0.1682 1839 0.0644 -0.0180 0.1676 1840 0.0643 -0.0174 0.1670 1841 0.0643 -0.0169 0.1665 1842 0.0643 -0.0163 0.1659 1843 0.0643 -0.0158 0.1653 1844 0.0643 -0.0152 0.1648 1845 0.0642 -0.0147 0.1642 1846 0.0642 -0.0141 0.1636 1847 0.0642 -0.0135 0.1630 1848 0.0642 -0.0130 0.1624 1849 0.0641 -0.0124 0.1618 1850 0.0641 -0.0118 0.1612 1851 0.0641 -0.0113 0.1606 1852 0.0641 -0.0107 0.1600 1853 0.0640 -0.0101 0.1594 1854 0.0640 -0.0096 0.1587 1855 0.0639 -0.0090 0.1581 1856 0.0639 -0.0084 0.1575 1857 0.0639 -0.0078 0.1568 1858 0.0638 -0.0072 0.1562 1859 0.0638 -0.0066 0.1555 1860 0.0637 -0.0061 0.1549 1861 0.0637 -0.0055 0.1542 1862 0.0637 -0.0049 0.1536 1863 0.0636 -0.0043 0.1529 1864 0.0636 -0.0037 0.1522 1865 0.0635 -0.0031 0.1515 1866 0.0635 -0.0025 0.1508 1867 0.0634 -0.0019 0.1502 1868 0.0634 -0.0013 0.1495 1869 0.0633 -0.0007 0.1488 1870 0.0632 -0.0001 0.1481 1871 0.0632 0.0005 0.1474 1872 0.0631 0.0012 0.1466 1873 0.0631 0.0018 0.1459 1874 0.0630 0.0024 0.1452 1875 0.0629 0.0030 0.1445 1876 0.0629 0.0036 0.1437 1877 0.0628 0.0043 0.1430 1878 0.0627 0.0049 0.1423 1879 0.0627 0.0055 0.1415 1880 0.0626 0.0061 0.1408 1881 0.0625 0.0068 0.1400 1882 0.0625 0.0074 0.1392 1883 0.0624 0.0080 0.1385 1884 0.0623 0.0087 0.1377 1885 0.0622 0.0093 0.1369 1886 0.0621 0.0099 0.1362 1887 0.0621 0.0106 0.1354 1888 0.0620 0.0112 0.1346 1889 0.0619 0.0119 0.1338 1890 0.0618 0.0125 0.1330 1891 0.0617 0.0132 0.1322 1892 0.0617 0.0138 0.1314 1893 0.0616 0.0145 0.1305 1894 0.0615 0.0151 0.1297 1895 0.0614 0.0158 0.1289 1896 0.0613 0.0165 0.1281 1897 0.0612 0.0171 0.1272 1898 0.0611 0.0178 0.1264 1899 0.0610 0.0185 0.1255 1900 0.0609 0.0191 0.1247 1901 0.0608 0.0198 0.1238 1902 0.0607 0.0205 0.1230 1903 0.0606 0.0211 0.1221 1904 0.0605 0.0218 0.1212 1905 0.0604 0.0225 0.1204 1906 0.0603 0.0232 0.1195 1907 0.0602 0.0239 0.1186 1908 0.0601 0.0246 0.1177 1909 0.0600 0.0252 0.1168 1910 0.0599 0.0259 0.1159 1911 0.0597 0.0266 0.1150 1912 0.0596 0.0273 0.1141 1913 0.0595 0.0280 0.1132 1914 0.0594 0.0287 0.1123 1915 0.0593 0.0294 0.1114 1916 0.0592 0.0301 0.1104 1917 0.0590 0.0308 0.1095 1918 0.0589 0.0315 0.1086 1919 0.0588 0.0322 0.1076 1920 0.0587 0.0329 0.1067 1921 0.0586 0.0336 0.1057 1922 0.0584 0.0344 0.1048 1923 0.0583 0.0351 0.1038 1924 0.0582 0.0358 0.1028 1925 0.0580 0.0365 0.1019 1926 0.0579 0.0372 0.1009 1927 0.0578 0.0380 0.0999 1928 0.0576 0.0387 0.0989 1929 0.0575 0.0394 0.0979 1930 0.0574 0.0401 0.0969 1931 0.0572 0.0409 0.0959 1932 0.0571 0.0416 0.0949 1933 0.0569 0.0423 0.0939 1934 0.0568 0.0431 0.0929 1935 0.0566 0.0438 0.0919 1936 0.0565 0.0446 0.0908 1937 0.0564 0.0453 0.0898 1938 0.0562 0.0461 0.0888 1939 0.0561 0.0468 0.0877 1940 0.0559 0.0475 0.0867 1941 0.0557 0.0483 0.0856 1942 0.0556 0.0491 0.0846 1943 0.0554 0.0498 0.0835 1944 0.0553 0.0506 0.0825 1945 0.0551 0.0513 0.0814 1946 0.0550 0.0521 0.0803 1947 0.0548 0.0529 0.0792 1948 0.0546 0.0536 0.0781 1949 0.0545 0.0544 0.0770 1950 0.0543 0.0552 0.0760 1951 0.0541 0.0559 0.0749 1952 0.0540 0.0567 0.0737 1953 0.0538 0.0575 0.0726 1954 0.0536 0.0583 0.0715 1955 0.0535 0.0590 0.0704 1956 0.0533 0.0598 0.0693 1957 0.0531 0.0606 0.0681 1958 0.0529 0.0614 0.0670 1959 0.0528 0.0622 0.0659 1960 0.0526 0.0630 0.0647 1961 0.0524 0.0638 0.0636 1962 0.0522 0.0646 0.0624 1963 0.0520 0.0654 0.0613 1964 0.0519 0.0662 0.0601 1965 0.0517 0.0670 0.0589 1966 0.0515 0.0678 0.0578 1967 0.0513 0.0686 0.0566 1968 0.0511 0.0694 0.0554 1969 0.0509 0.0702 0.0542 1970 0.0507 0.0710 0.0530 1971 0.0505 0.0718 0.0518 1972 0.0503 0.0726 0.0506 1973 0.0501 0.0734 0.0494 1974 0.0499 0.0743 0.0482 1975 0.0497 0.0751 0.0470 1976 0.0495 0.0759 0.0457 1977 0.0493 0.0767 0.0445 1978 0.0491 0.0776 0.0433 1979 0.0489 0.0784 0.0420 1980 0.0487 0.0792 0.0408 1981 0.0485 0.0800 0.0396 1982 0.0483 0.0809 0.0383 1983 0.0481 0.0817 0.0370 1984 0.0479 0.0826 0.0358 1985 0.0477 0.0834 0.0345 1986 0.0474 0.0842 0.0332 1987 0.0472 0.0851 0.0320 1988 0.0470 0.0859 0.0307 1989 0.0468 0.0868 0.0294 1990 0.0466 0.0876 0.0281 1991 0.0464 0.0885 0.0268 1992 0.0461 0.0893 0.0255 1993 0.0459 0.0902 0.0242 1994 0.0457 0.0911 0.0229 1995 0.0455 0.0919 0.0216 1996 0.0452 0.0928 0.0202 1997 0.0450 0.0937 0.0189 1998 0.0448 0.0945 0.0176 1999 0.0445 0.0954 0.0162 2000 0.0443 0.0963 0.0149