# Global Ocean Last Interglacial Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26851 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/turney2019/turney2019lig-sst-ann.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: sea surface temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-07-03 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-07-03 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Ocean Last Interglacial Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Turney, C.S.M; Thomas, Z.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Compilation of published sea surface temperature reconstructions for the Last Interglacial interval (LIG; ~129,000-116,000 years before present). # Version: 11 April 2019 # Reconstructions of Last Interglacial annual (190 sites), December-January-February (DJF; 96 sites), or June-July-August (JJA; 89 sites) SST's. # For the DJF estimates, we have assumed a thermal equator of 5 degrees North, where sites above this latitude 'Summer' = JJA, and 'Winter' = DJF # Sites south of this line have 'Summer' (warmer temps) = DJF and 'Winter' (cooler temps) = JJA # # Notes: ***Drift correction has not been applied to the two coral sites! ***Drift correction could not be applied to four sites in a land box when located using OFES. # # Summary annual SST estimates from the LIG (global and laititudinal averages): # # Annual sea surface temperatures (global and latitudinal averages) # # Annual SSTs, C Global Average SST Tropics (-23.5 to 23.5) North of 45N South of 45S North of 50N South of 50S # Uncorrected 0.38 -0.24 2.15 0.44 3.15 2.9 # 30-day drift 0.39 -0.17 1.75 1.06 2.63 2.95 # Uncertainty (1sd) 0.12 0.19 0.37 0.35 0.38 1.14 # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Turney, C.S.M; Thomas, Z.A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019, submitted # Published_Title: # Journal_Name: Scientific Data # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global Ocean # Location: Global # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: 0 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Turney2019LIGSST # Earliest_Year: 129000 # Most_Recent_Year: 116000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- Site Name/Core Latitude (decimal) Longitude (decimal) Method of temperature estimate LIG Annual temperature estimate ±1 sd 30 days mean temp along trajectory minus mean temp at site SST 1981-2010 Jan-Dec ('Modern') "Annual LIG temperature anomaly (no drift), ?C" ±1 sd "Annual LIG temperature anomaly (30 day drift), ?C" ±1 sd References V18 - 68 -54.55 -77.85 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 8.3 1.3 0.3 7.2 1.09 1.25 0.78 1.25 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" PS75/034-2 -54.37 -80.08 Alkenone 9.7 1.5 0.2 6.9 2.84 1.50 2.68 1.50 "Ho, S. L. et al. Sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean over the past 700 kyr. Paleoceanography 27, doi: 10.1029/2012PA002317 (2012)." ODP 177 -1094 -53.20 5.10 TEX86 5.9 2.8 -0.6 1.1 4.78 2.80 5.38 2.80 "Hayes, C. T. et al. 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Paleoceanography 9, 453-482 (1994)" Y9 -48.24 177.34 Radiolaria (Modern Analogue Technique) 9.5 1.5 -1.0 9.4 0.07 1.50 1.10 1.50 "Panitz, S., Cortese, G., Neil, H. L. & Diekmann, B. A radiolarian-based palaeoclimate history of Core Y9 (Northeast of Campbell Plateau, New Zealand) for the last 160 kyr. Marine Micropaleontology 116, 1-14 (2015)" KH94-4 TSP-2PC -48.14 146.87 Alkenone 15.4 1.5 -0.9 9.8 5.57 1.50 6.45 1.50 "Ikehara, M. et al. Alkenone sea surface temperature in the Southern Ocean for the last two deglaciations. Geophysical Research Letters 24, 679-682 (1997)" PS1754-1 -46.77 7.61 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 4.4 1.2 -1.3 6.5 -2.19 1.20 -0.93 1.20 "Niebler, H. S. Reconstruction of paleo-environmental parameters using stable isotopes and faunal assemblages of planktonic foraminifera in the South Atlantic Ocean. Ber. Polarforschung 167, 1-198 (1995)" MD88-770 -46.02 96.45 " Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Mean of Modern Analogue Technique, Revised Analogue Method and Artificial Neural Network)" 9.5 0.8 -1.1 8.1 1.42 0.80 2.49 0.80 "Barrows, T. T., Juggins, S., De Deckkker, P., Calvo, E. & Pelejero, C. Long-term sea surface temperature and climate change in the Australian–New Zealand region. Paleoceanography 22, doi:10.1029/2006PA001328 (2007)" MD97-2120 -45.53 174.93 Planktonic Foraminifera (G. bulloides) Mg/Ca 14.8 0.8 -0.7 11.1 3.69 0.80 4.40 0.80 "Pahnke, K., Zahn, R., Elderfield, H. & Schulz, M. 340,000-year centennial-scale marine record of Southern Hemisphere climatic oscillation. Science 301, 948-952 (2003)" DSDP site 594 -45.53 174.96 " Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Mean of Modern Analogue Technique, Revised Analogue Method and Artificial Neural Network)" 12.0 0.8 -0.7 11.1 0.88 0.80 1.53 0.80 "Barrows, T. T., Juggins, S., De Deckkker, P., Calvo, E. & Pelejero, C. Long-term sea surface temperature and climate change in the Australian–New Zealand region. Paleoceanography 22, doi:10.1029/2006PA001328 (2007)" MD97 - 2106 -45.15 146.29 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Random Forest Model) 13.9 1.1 0.4 12.1 1.74 1.08 1.32 1.08 "Cortese, G. et al. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warmer world: Insights from Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Paleoceanography 28, 585-598 (2013); Moy, A. D., Howard, W. R. & Gagan, M. K. Late Quaternary palaeoceanography of the Circumpolar Deep Water from the South Tasman Rise. Journal of Quaternary Science 21, 763-777 (2006)" E49-18 -45.06 -90.17 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 7.6 1.3 -0.6 10.4 -2.82 1.25 -2.18 1.25 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" E45-29 -44.88 -106.52 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 7.7 1.5 -0.7 10.9 -3.24 1.54 -2.53 1.54 "Howard, W. R. & Prell, W. L. Late Quaternary surface circulation of the southern Indian Ocean and its relationship to orbital variations. Paleoceanography 7, 79-117 (1992); Howard, W. R. & Prell, W. L. Late Quaternary CaCO3 production and preservation in the Southern Ocean: Implications for oceanic and atmospheric carbon cycling. Paleoceanography 9, 453-482 (1994)" FR1/94-GC3 -44.25 149.98 Alkenone 14.4 1.5 0.2 13.2 1.17 1.50 0.93 1.50 "Pelejero, C., Calvo, E., Barrows, T. T., Logan, G. A. & De Deckker, P. South Tasman Sea alkenone palaeothermometry over the last four glacial/interglacial cycles. Marine Geology 230, 73-86 (2006)" RC11 - 120 -43.87 80.45 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 11.9 1.5 -1.3 11.2 0.67 1.50 1.99 1.50 "McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W. F., Karlin, K. & Mix, A. C. Surface water response of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean to orbital forcing. Paleoceanography 4, 19-55 (1989); Imbrie, J., McIntyre, A. & Mix, A. in Climate and Geo-sciences, 121-164 (Springer, 1989)" MD73 - 025 -43.82 50.32 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 5.0 1.3 -1.9 8.6 -3.57 1.25 -1.66 1.25 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" MD06-2986 -43.45 167.90 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Random Forest Model) 15.7 1.4 -0.2 14.3 1.39 1.43 1.55 1.43 "Cortese, G. et al. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warmer world: Insights from Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Paleoceanography 28, 585-598 (2013)" V22-108 -43.18 -3.25 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 10.3 1.3 -0.9 9.7 0.60 1.25 1.51 1.25 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" ODP 177-1090 -42.91 8.90 Alkenone 15.5 1.5 -1.4 10.5 5.03 1.50 6.45 1.50 "Martínez-Garcia, A., Rosell-Melé, A., McClymont, E. L., Gersonde, R. & Haug, G. H. Subpolar link to the emergence of the modern equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Science 328, 1550-1553 (2010)" RC8 - 39 -42.88 42.35 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 9.0 1.2 -0.3 11.3 -2.34 1.20 -2.06 1.20 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" PS2489-2 -42.87 8.97 Alkenone 15.7 1.5 -1.3 10.5 5.23 1.50 6.56 1.50 "Fietz, S., Ho, S. L., Huguet, C., Rosell-Melé, A. & Martínez-García, A. Appraising GDGT-based seawater temperature indices in the Southern Ocean. Organic Geochemistry 102, 93-105 (2016); Martínez-Garcia, A. et al. Links between iron supply, marine productivity, sea surface temperature, and CO2 over the last 1.1 Ma. Paleoceanography 24, doi: 10.1029/2008PA001657 (2009)" SO136-GC3 -42.30 169.88 Alkenone 15.0 1.5 0.0 14.9 0.07 1.50 0.04 1.50 "Barrows, T. T., Juggins, S., De Deckkker, P., Calvo, E. & Pelejero, C. Long-term sea surface temperature and climate change in the Australian–New Zealand region. Paleoceanography 22, doi:10.1029/2006PA001328 (2007)" ODP1123 -41.78 -171.50 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Random Forest Model) 16.2 2.4 -0.3 14.7 1.50 2.38 1.76 2.38 "Cortese, G. et al. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warmer world: Insights from Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Paleoceanography 28, 585-598 (2013); Hall, I. R., McCave, I. N., Shackleton, N. J., Weedon, G. P. & Harris, S. E. Intensified deep Pacific inflow and ventiliation in Pleistocene glacial times. Nature 412, 809-812 (2001)" PS2076-1/3 -41.15 13.47 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 17.0 1.0 -0.3 13.4 3.57 1.00 3.86 1.00 "Niebler, H. S. Reconstruction of paleo-environmental parameters using stable isotopes and faunal assemblages of planktonic foraminifera in the South Atlantic Ocean. Ber. Polarforschung 167, 1-198 (1995)" RC15 - 61 -40.62 -77.20 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 8.7 2.1 -0.3 13.9 -5.24 2.10 -4.93 2.10 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" DSDP 593 -40.51 167.68 Alkenone 17.2 1.5 -0.2 15.5 1.66 1.50 1.88 1.50 "McClymont, E. L. et al. Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of sea surface and intermediate water temperatures from the southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography 31, 895-913 (2016)" MD97 - 2121 -40.38 177.99 Alkenone 20.8 1.5 0.1 15.6 5.20 1.50 5.12 1.50 "Pahnke, K. & Sachs, J. P. Sea surface temperatures of southern midlatitudes 0-160 kyr B.P. Paleoceanography 21, doi: 10.1029/2005PA001191 (2006)" RC12 - 294 -37.27 -10.10 Coccolithophore Assemblage (Transfer Function) 17.0 1.9 -0.8 15.4 1.61 1.90 2.40 1.90 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" RC11 - 86 -35.78 18.45 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 17.8 1.6 0.6 18.4 -0.61 1.60 -1.16 1.60 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" GeoB 3603-2 -35.13 17.55 Alkenone 22.8 1.5 0.3 18.4 4.43 1.50 4.10 1.50 "Schneider, R. R., Müller, P. J. & Acheson, R. in Reconstructing Ocean History: A Window into the Future 33-55 (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999)" MD02-2594 -34.71 17.34 Planktonic Foraminifera (G. bulloides) Mg/Ca 16.4 1.1 0.4 18.0 -1.62 1.10 -2.00 1.10 "Méndez, G. M. Surface and Deep Circulation off South Africa: Agulhas Leakage Influence on the Meridional Overturning Circulation During the Last 345 kyr, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (2008)" P71 -33.86 174.69 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Random Forest Model) 18.4 1.0 0.1 19.0 -0.65 1.00 -0.73 1.00 "Cortese, G. et al. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warmer world: Insights from Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Paleoceanography 28, 585-598 (2013)" Z2108 -33.38 161.62 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Random Forest Model) 21.4 0.6 0.7 20.2 1.18 0.62 0.52 0.62 "Cortese, G. et al. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warmer world: Insights from Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Paleoceanography 28, 585-598 (2013)" GeoB 1312 -32.00 -30.00 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 20.4 1.0 -0.4 20.4 -0.03 1.00 0.36 1.00 "Hale, W. & Pflaumann, U. in Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography 69-90 (Springer, 1999)" GeoB 1309 -32.00 -29.00 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 19.8 1.0 -0.3 20.4 -0.62 1.00 -0.33 1.00 "Hale, W. & Pflaumann, U. in Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography 69-90 (Springer, 1999)" RC17 - 69 -31.50 32.60 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 22.8 1.2 0.3 23.0 -0.20 1.20 -0.53 1.20 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" GeoB 1722-1 -29.45 11.75 Alkenone 21.3 1.5 -0.5 18.9 2.44 1.50 2.94 1.50 "Jahn, B. Mid to Late Pleistocene variations of marine productivity in and terrigenous input to the southeast Atlantic, Universita?t Bremen, (2002)" RC13-229 -25.50 11.30 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 18.6 1.6 -0.2 18.9 -0.27 1.60 -0.08 1.60 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" GeoB 1710-3 -23.43 11.70 Alkenone 20.4 1.5 0.0 18.8 1.62 1.50 1.59 1.50 "Kirst, G. J., Schneider, R. R., P.J., M., von Storch, I. & Wefer, G. Late Quaternary temperature variability in the Benguela Current system derived from alkenones. Quaternary Research 52, 92-103 (1999)" GeoB 1711-4 -23.32 12.38 Alkenone 21.1 1.5 0.4 17.9 3.18 1.50 2.81 1.50 "Kirst, G. J., Schneider, R. R., P.J., M., von Storch, I. & Wefer, G. Late Quaternary temperature variability in the Benguela Current system derived from alkenones. Quaternary Research 52, 92-103 (1999)" GeoB 1712-4 -23.26 12.81 Alkenone 20.6 1.5 0.4 17.9 2.68 1.50 2.32 1.50 "Kirst, G. J., Schneider, R. R., P.J., M., von Storch, I. & Wefer, G. Late Quaternary temperature variability in the Benguela Current system derived from alkenones. Quaternary Research 52, 92-103 (1999)" MD97 - 2125 -22.57 161.73 Alkenone 26.5 1.0 0.2 24.4 2.07 1.00 1.90 1.00 "Tachikawa, K., Vidal, L., Sonzogni, C. & Bard, E. Glacial/interglacial sea surface temperature changes in the Southwest Pacific ocean over the past 360ka. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 1160-1170 (2009)" RC13 - 228 -22.33 11.20 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 15.8 1.9 -0.3 18.7 -2.92 1.90 -2.63 1.90 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" Ningaloo Reef -21.96 113.92 Coral Sr/Ca 24.0 1.0 25.5 -1.51 1.00 -1.51 1.00 "McCulloch, M. T. & Esat, T. The coral record of last interglacial sea levels and sea surface temperatures. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 169, 107-129- (2000)" GL-77 -21.21 -40.05 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Artificial Neural Network) 25.3 1.0 -1.1 25.0 0.31 1.00 1.38 1.00 "Petro, S. M., Pivel, M. A. G. & Coimbra, J. C. Paleoceanographic changes through the last 130 ka in the western South Atlantic based on planktonic foraminfera. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 19, 3-14 (2016)" GeoB 1028-5 -20.10 9.19 Alkenone 22.7 1.5 0.2 19.7 2.99 1.50 2.77 1.50 "Schneider, R. R., Müller, P. J. & Acheson, R. in Reconstructing Ocean History: A Window into the Future 33-55 (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999)" V28-345 -17.67 117.95 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 26.6 1.2 0.1 27.6 -1.02 1.20 -1.16 1.20 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" TG7 -17.25 -78.10 Alkenone 21.6 1.5 -0.7 20.5 1.11 1.50 1.76 1.50 "Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Herguera, J. C., Palanques, A. & Grimalt, J. O. 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Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" V22-38 -9.55 -34.25 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 26.1 1.9 -0.4 27.4 -1.36 1.90 -0.97 1.90 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" RC11-230 -8.80 -110.80 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 26.4 2.1 -0.6 25.6 0.77 2.10 1.33 2.10 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" GeoB 2204 -8.53 -34.02 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 26.6 1.0 -0.9 27.5 -0.90 1.00 0.02 1.00 "Hale, W. & Pflaumann, U. in Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography 69-90 (Springer, 1999)" Y71-3-2 -7.28 -85.25 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 24.5 1.5 -0.9 23.5 0.95 1.50 1.80 1.50 "Pisias, N. G. & Mix, A. C. Spatial and temporal oceanographic variability of the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Pleistocene: Evidence from Radiolaria microfossils. Paleoceanography 12, 381-393 (1997)" GeoB 1401-4 -6.93 9.01 Alkenone 25.1 1.5 0.5 26.1 -0.98 1.50 -1.44 1.50 "Ruhland, G. Alkenones and sea surface temperature of sediment core GeoB1401-4. PANGAEA, doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.57988, (2004)" Y71-9-101 -6.63 -106.95 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 23.6 1.5 -0.9 25.2 -1.65 1.50 -0.74 1.50 "Pisias, N. G. & Mix, A. C. Spatial and temporal oceanographic variability of the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Pleistocene: Evidence from Radiolaria microfossils. Paleoceanography 12, 381-393 (1997)" GeoB 1008-3 -6.58 -10.32 Alkenone 26.3 0.3 -0.7 26.0 0.31 0.30 0.96 0.30 "Schneider, R. R., Müller, P. J. & Ruhland, G. Late Quaternary surface circulation in the east equatorial South Atlantic: Evidence from alkenone sea surface temperatures. Paleoceanography 10, 197-219 (1995)" Huon Peninsula -6.43 147.83 Coral Sr/Ca 29.0 1.0 28.8 0.16 1.00 0.16 1.00 "McCulloch, M. T. & Esat, T. The coral record of last interglacial sea levels and sea surface temperatures. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 169, 107-129- (2000)" GeoB 10038-4 -5.94 103.25 Alkenone 28.2 1.5 -0.4 28.6 -0.35 1.50 0.06 1.50 "Mohtadi, M., Lückge, A., Steinke, S., Groeneveld, J., Hebbeln, D., & Westphal, N. Late Pleistocene surface and thermocline conditions of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(7-8), 887-896 (2010). " GeoB 1112 -5.77 -10.75 Planktonic Foraminifera (G. sacculifer) Mg/Ca 27.3 0.4 -0.7 26.0 1.27 0.40 2.01 0.40 "Nürnberg, D., Müller, A. & Schneider, R. R. Paleo?sea surface temperature calculations in the equatorial east Atlantic from Mg/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera: A comparison to sea surface temperature estimates from U37K?, oxygen isotopes, and foraminiferal transfer function. 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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162, 17-44 (2000)" V32-128 36.46 177.16 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 22.0 2.0 0.8 17.9 4.07 2.00 3.26 2.00 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" RC14 - 99 36.97 147.93 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 13.9 1.1 1.9 19.4 -5.47 1.10 -7.34 1.10 "Heusser, L. & Morley, J. Monsoon fluctuation over the past 350 kyr: High-resolution evidence from northeast Asia/northwest Pacific climate proxies (marine pollen and radiolarians). Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 565-581 (1997)" 167- 1018A 36.99 -123.28 Alkenone 14.3 1.5 0.1 14.4 -0.06 1.50 -0.17 1.50 "Mangelsdorf, K., Güntner, U. & Rullkötter, J. Climatic and oceanographic variations on the California continental margin during the last 160 kyr. Organic Geochemistry 31, 829-846 (2000)" MD95-2037 37.08 -32.03 Alkenone 18.6 1.5 -0.2 19.9 -1.35 1.50 -1.17 1.50 "Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Herguera, J. C., Palanques, A. & Grimalt, J. O. Insolation dependence of the southeastern Subtropical Pacific sea surface temperature over the last 400 kyrs. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 2481-2484 (2001)" V21-146 37.68 163.03 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 20.7 2.1 1.5 17.4 3.36 2.10 1.88 2.10 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" MD95-2042 37.80 -10.17 Alkenone 20.2 1.5 0.3 18.3 1.87 1.50 1.58 1.50 "Pailler, D. & Bard, E. High frequency palaeoceanographic changes during the past 140 000 yr recorded by the organic matter in sediments of the Iberian Margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181, 431-452 (2002); Shackleton, N. J., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Pailler, D. & Lancelot, Y. Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial. Global and Planetary Change 36, 151-155 (2003)" MD01-2444/MD01-2443 37.88 -10.18 Alkenone 19.9 1.3 0.3 18.3 1.57 1.30 1.26 1.30 "Martrat, B. et al. Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water destabilizations on the Iberian margin. Science 317, 502-507 (2007)" KS 205 38.21 18.13 Alkenone 22.1 1.5 0.1 19.6 2.48 1.50 2.40 1.50 "Rohling, E. J. et al. African monsoon variability during the previous interglacial maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 202, 61-75 (2002)" ODP 975 38.52 4.52 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 19.8 1.5 -0.6 19.4 0.34 1.50 0.91 1.50 "González-Donoso, J. M., Serrano, F. & Linares, D. Sea surface temperature during the Quaternary at ODP Sites 976 and 975 (western Mediterranean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162, 17-44 (2000)" RC14 - 105 39.68 157.55 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 16.1 1.1 2.0 15.0 1.14 1.10 -0.82 1.10 "Heusser, L. & Morley, J. Monsoon fluctuation over the past 350 kyr: High-resolution evidence from northeast Asia/northwest Pacific climate proxies (marine pollen and radiolarians). Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 565-581 (1997)" MD95-2040 40.58 -9.87 Alkenone 18.8 1.5 0.1 16.9 1.88 1.50 1.75 1.50 "Pailler, D. & Bard, E. High frequency palaeoceanographic changes during the past 140 000 yr recorded by the organic matter in sediments of the Iberian Margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181, 431-452 (2002)" V30 - 97 41.00 -32.93 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 17.8 1.3 -0.1 13.3 4.49 1.30 4.60 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" 1020C/D 41.00 -126.43 Alkenone 14.0 1.5 0.1 18.6 -4.61 1.50 -4.68 1.50 "Herbert, T. D. et al. Collapse of the California Current during the glacial maxima linked to climate change on land. Science 293, 71-76 (2001)" C9001 41.18 142.20 Diatoms (Td' ratio) 15.1 3.5 1.1 12.3 2.76 3.50 1.70 3.50 "Phillips, M. P. & Harwood, D. M. 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Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" Y72-11-1 43.25 -126.38 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 13.0 1.6 -0.3 13.0 0.06 1.60 0.36 1.60 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" SU90/08 43.50 -30.40 Alkenone 18.6 1.5 0.0 16.9 1.63 1.50 1.64 1.50 "Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Herguera, J. C., Palanques, A. & Grimalt, J. O. Insolation dependence of the southeastern Subtropical Pacific sea surface temperature over the last 400 kyrs. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 2481-2484 (2001)" V29 - 179 44.00 -24.53 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 17.9 1.3 0.3 16.5 1.38 1.30 1.07 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" V20-120 47.40 167.75 Radiolaria Assemblage (Transfer Function) 7.8 1.1 -0.1 6.4 1.31 1.10 1.45 1.10 "Heusser, L. & Morley, J. Monsoon fluctuation over the past 350 kyr: High-resolution evidence from northeast Asia/northwest Pacific climate proxies (marine pollen and radiolarians). Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 565-581 (1997)" K708-001 50.00 -23.73 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 15.1 1.3 0.8 13.5 1.58 1.30 0.80 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" ODP 145-882 50.36 167.60 Alkenone 13.6 1.5 0.0 5.9 7.74 1.50 7.71 1.50 "Martínez-Garcia, A., Rosell-Melé, A., McClymont, E. L., Gersonde, R. & Haug, G. H. Subpolar link to the emergence of the modern equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Science 328, 1550-1553 (2010)" V23-82 52.58 -21.93 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 11.7 1.6 0.8 12.2 -0.56 1.60 -1.33 1.60 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" V27-116 52.83 -30.33 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 12.4 1.5 0.5 10.4 1.90 1.50 1.38 1.50 "McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W. F., Karlin, K. & Mix, A. C. Surface water response of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean to orbital forcing. Paleoceanography 4, 19-55 (1989); Imbrie, J., McIntyre, A. & Mix, A. in Climate and Geo-sciences, 121-164 (Springer, 1989)" M23414 53.54 -20.29 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 12.6 1.5 0.7 12.0 0.63 1.50 -0.07 1.50 "Bashirova, L. D., Kandiano, E. S., Sivkov, V. V. & Bauch, H. A. Migrations of the North Atlantic Polar front during the last 300 ka: Evidence from planktic foraminiferal data. Oceanology 54, 798-807 (2014)" K708-7 53.93 -24.08 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 13.7 1.5 1.0 11.3 2.47 1.50 1.48 1.50 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984); McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W. F., Karlin, K. & Mix, A. C. Surface water response of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean to orbital forcing. Paleoceanography 4, 19-55 (1989); Imbrie, J., McIntyre, A. & Mix, A. in Climate and Geo-sciences, 121-164 (Springer, 1989)" V27-20 54.00 -46.20 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 8.9 1.3 -0.2 7.0 1.89 1.30 2.06 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" ODP Site 980 55.48 -14.70 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 15.0 2.0 0.4 11.6 3.37 2.00 2.96 2.00 "Oppo, D. W., McManus, J. F. & Cullen, J. L. Evolution and demise of the Last Interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3268-3277 (2006)" MD03-2664 57.44 -48.61 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 7.2 0.9 0.7 5.0 2.26 0.90 1.61 0.90 "Irval?, N. et al. Evidence for regional cooling, frontal advances, and East Greenland Ice Sheet changes during the demise of the last interglacial. Quaternary Science Reviews 150, 184-199 (2016)" SO201-2-85KL 57.50 170.40 Alkenone 8.4 1.5 0.7 4.8 3.62 1.50 2.96 1.50 "Max, L. et al. Rapid shifts in subarctic Pacific climate between 138 and 70 ka. Geology 42, 899-902 (2014)" P-013 58.93 -48.36 Dinoflagellate Cyst Assemblage (Transfer Function) 9.1 1.4 0.7 4.5 4.57 1.40 3.86 1.40 "Hillaire-Marcel, C., de Vernal, A., Bilodeau, G. & Weaver, A. J. Absence of deep-water formation in the Labrador Sea during the last interglacial period. Nature 410, 1073-1077 (2001)" AMK-4438 59.53 -17.93 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 9.3 2.0 0.9 9.9 -0.63 2.00 -1.52 2.00 "Bashirova, L. D., Kandiano, E. S., Sivkov, V. V. & Bauch, H. A. Migrations of the North Atlantic Polar front during the last 300 ka: Evidence from planktic foraminiferal data. Oceanology 54, 798-807 (2014)" AMK-4442 59.53 -21.85 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 12.5 1.1 0.9 10.1 2.40 1.10 1.50 1.10 "Lukashina, N. P. & Bashirova, L. D. Deep water masses in the Iceland Basin during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e): Evidence from benthic foraminiferal data. Oceanologia 57, 212-221 (2015)" EW9302- 8JPC 61.00 -25.00 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 11.8 1.5 0.6 8.9 2.81 1.50 2.23 1.50 "Oppo, D. W., McManus, J. F. & Cullen, J. L. Evolution and demise of the Last Interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3268-3277 (2006)" V28 - 14 64.78 -29.57 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 10.5 1.3 0.7 6.6 3.92 1.30 3.18 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" V27-86 66.60 1.12 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 8.4 1.3 0.7 7.9 0.47 1.30 -0.20 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" M23323 67.77 5.92 Alkenone 10.1 1.5 0.6 8.1 2.04 1.50 1.47 1.50 "Bauch, H. A. et al. Climatic bisection of the last interglacial warm period in the Polar North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 1813-1818 (2011)" V28-56 68.03 -6.12 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Transfer Function) 3.8 1.3 0.5 4.8 -1.04 1.30 -1.50 1.30 "CLIMAP. The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224 (1984)" PS1243 69.38 -6.53 Alkenone 9.6 1.5 0.4 4.3 5.25 1.50 4.81 1.50 "Bauch, H. A. et al. Evidence for a steeper Eemian than Holocene sea surface temperature gradient between Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 145, 95-117 (1999)" M23352 70.00 -12.42 Alkenone 10.5 1.5 0.3 2.5 8.01 1.50 7.73 1.50 "Bauch, H. A. et al. Evidence for a steeper Eemian than Holocene sea surface temperature gradient between Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 145, 95-117 (1999)" M17732 (also known as GIK17732-1) 71.61 4.21 Alkenone 11.5 1.5 0.7 5.5 5.96 1.50 5.31 1.50 "Bauch, H. A. et al. Evidence for a steeper Eemian than Holocene sea surface temperature gradient between Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 145, 95-117 (1999)" V27-60 72.18 8.58 Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage (Modern Analogue Technique) 5.6 1.5 0.6 5.7 -0.08 1.50 -0.71 1.50 "Cortijo, E. et al. Changes in meridional temperature and salinity gradients in the North Atlantic Ocean (30?-72?N) during the last interglacial period. Paleoceanography 14, 23-33 (1999)"