# Reconstructions of North Pacific atmospheric circulation since 1500 AD based on soil moisture, air temperature and precipitation in Southwest US and output of paleoclimate simulations with Earth System Models
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26030
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/wahl2019/wahl2019-readme.txt
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# Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions
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# Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric circulation
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date:  2019-02-28
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#	Date:  2019-02-28
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Reconstructions of North Pacific atmospheric circulation since 1500 AD based on soil moisture, air temperature and precipitation in Southwest US and output of paleoclimate simulations with Earth System Models
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# Investigators
#	Investigators:  Wahl, E.R.; Zorita, E.; Trouet, V.; Taylor, A.H.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Wahl, E.R., Eduardo Zorita, Valerie Trouet, and Alan H. Taylor
#	Published_Date_or_Year:  2019
#	Published_Title: Jet stream dynamics, hydroclimate, and fire in California: 1600 CE to present
#	Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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#	Abstract: Moisture delivery in California is largely regulated by the strength and position of the North Pacific jet stream (NPJ), winter high-altitude winds that influence regional hydroclimate and forest fire during the following warm season. We use climate model simulations and paleoclimate data to reconstruct winter NPJ characteristics back to 1600 CE to identify the influence of NPJ behavior on moisture and forest fire extremes in California before and during the more recent period of fire suppression. Maximum zonal NPJ velocity is lower and northward shifted and has a larger latitudinal spread during presuppression dry and high-fire extremes. Conversely, maximum zonal NPJ is higher and southward shifted, with narrower latitudinal spread during wet and low-fire extremes. These NPJ, precipitation, and fire associations hold across pre–20th-century socioecological fire regimes, including Native American burning, postcontact disruption and native population decline, and intensification of forest use during the later 19th century. Precipitation extremes and NPJ behavior remain closely linked in the 20th and 21st centuries, but fire extremes become uncoupled due to fire suppression after 1900. Simulated future conditions in California include more wet-season moisture as rain (and less as snow), a longer fire season, and higher temperatures, leading to drier fire-season conditions independent of 21st-century precipitation changes. Assuming continuation of current fire management practices, thermodynamic warming is expected to override the dynamical influence of the NPJ on climate–fire relationships controlling fire extremes in California. Recent widespread fires in California in association with wet NPJ extremes may be early evidence of this change.
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Pacific Ocean and American Continents
#	Location: Pacific Ocean
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#	Northernmost_Latitude:  70
# 	Southernmost_Latitude:  -60
# 	Easternmost_Longitude:  -60
# 	Westernmost_Longitude:  120
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name:  Pacific Atmospheric Wahl2019
#	Earliest_Year:  1500
#	Most_Recent_Year:  1980
#	Time_Unit:  CE
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# Species - this section exists only for tree ring and fire history archive/proxy.
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# *** MORE DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS are available at www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/Variable_naming_guide.pdf
# variables format:  shortname	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information) 
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## psl	sea-level-pressure,	,,hectopascal,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,Analog data assimilation in Earth System Model; Earth System Models are :MPI-ESM-P,NCAR-CCSM4,GISS-ER; gridded
## zg	geopotential height ,,,meter,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,200mb level; Analog data assimilation in Earth System Model; Earth System Models are :MPI-ESM-P,NCAR-CCSM4; gridded
## ua	zonal wind,,,meter per second,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,200mb level; Analog data assimilation in Earth System Model; Earth System Models are :MPI-ESM-P,NCAR-CCSM4; gridded
## va	meridional wind	,,,meter per second,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,200mb level; Analog data assimilation in Earth System Model; Earth System Models are :MPI-ESM-P,NCAR-CCSM4,GISS-ER; gridded

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# Data:
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netCDF data files can be found at https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/wahl2019/