Jerusalem West Cave Stalagmite Carbon Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Jerusalem West Cave Stalagmite Carbon Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 12/2009 (Data digitized from Figure 3b by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Amos Frumkin, The Hebrew University IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-150 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Frumkin, A., et al. 2009. Jerusalem West Cave Stalagmite Carbon Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-150. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Frumkin, A., D.C. Ford, and H.P. Schwarcz. 2000. Paleoclimate and Vegetation of the Last Glacial Cycles in Jerusalem From a Speleothem Record. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(3), 863-870. ABSTRACT: A speleothem isotopic record taken from Jerusalem is used to reconstruct regional climate over the last 170,000 years. Glacial periods in Jerusalem were generally cooler and wetter than the present climate. Stage 5e in the desert margin of Jerusalem was extremely unstable, dry, and warm, and instability persisted throughout the transition to glacial conditions. The climate after stage 5e became gradually cooler and wetter over a 20,000-year interval and did not recover to interglacial conditions in stages 5c and 5a. The d13C varied by up to 12‰, from glacial (stages 6, 4, 3, 2) values of -10 to -12‰ that reflect dense C3 vegetation above the studied cave, and up to 0‰ in early stage 5 when there was probably complete loss of vegetation. The climatic instability during interglacial periods is much larger than during glacial periods, and glacial/interglacial transitions do not behave the same in each climatic cycle in this region. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Frumkin, A., D.C. Ford, and H.P. Schwarcz. 1999. Continental Oxygen Isotopic Record of the Last 170,000 Years in Jerusalem. Quaternary Research, Vol. 51, pp. 317-327. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Middle East PERIOD OF RECORD: 168 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Ministry of Science of Israel. DESCRIPTION: Carbon isotope data (d13C) from stalagmite AF12 from Jerusalem West Cave. The original data files were lost - these data were digitized from Figure 3b by the WDC for Paleoclimatology. Jerusalem West Cave: ~31°47'N, ~35°9'E, 700 m elev. DATA: Table 1, Frumkin et al. 1999. Radiogenic Isotopic Data and 230Th/234U Ages of AF12 from Jerusalem West Cave and AF14 from Hartuv Cave * Sample Age -2s +2s 234U/238U 230Th/234U 230Th/232Th 234U/238U Uconc(ppm) Method (yr B.P.) (yr) (yr) Initial AF12-3 81,800 2100 2100 1.044 0.531 98 1.056 0.09 Th/U TIMS AF12-4 102,500 2300 2400 1.052 0.615 127 1.069 0.08 Th/U TIMS AF12-5 27,040 380 380 (IsoTrace Lab #TO-4448) - - - 14C AMS AF12-6 7860 140 140 (IsoTrace Lab #TO-4449) - - - 14C AMS AF12-7 690 160 160 (IsoTrace Lab #TO-4450) - - - 14C AMS AF12-8 26,900 440 440 1.045 0.22 2922 1.048 0.37 Th/U TIMS AF12-9 76,500 1200 1200 1.033 0.507 20 1.042 0.07 Th/U TIMS AF12-10 29,630 340 340 1.055 0.239 144 1.06 0.42 Th/U TIMS AF12-11 8510 50 50 1.033 0.075 197 1.034 0.19 Th/U TIMS AF12-12 11,940 100 100 1.064 0.104 1544 1.067 0.31 Th/U TIMS AF12-13 64,660 840 850 1.052 0.45 120 1.062 0.12 Th/U TIMS AF12-17 77,200 3300 3200 1.059 0.511 3 1.07 0.18 Th/U TIMS AF12-18 220,900 10,100 11,300 1.052 0.88 1631 1.098 0.16 Th/U TIMS AF12-23 100,000 2400 2400 1.078 0.606 10 1.104 0.18 Th/U TIMS AF12-25 135,900 1900 1900 1.046 0.719 307 1.068 0.13 Th/U TIMS AF12-26 152,000 2300 2300 1.035 0.758 1788 1.055 0.24 Th/U TIMS AF12-27 138,500 2700 2800 1.006 0.721 618 1.009 0.07 Th/U TIMS AF12-30 99,500 1900 1900 1.063 0.604 332 1.084 0.11 Th/U TIMS AF12-F 142,060 2240 2300 0.998 0.729 2440 0.997 0.08 Th/U TIMS AF12-K2 144,970 1940 1980 1.051 0.743 4938 1.076 0.17 Th/U TIMS AF12-Z 144,220 1900 1930 1.042 0.74 18651 1.063 0.45 Th/U TIMS AF14-3 27,740 360 360 1.162 0.226 386 1.175 0.82 Th/U TIMS AF14-A 23,800 3400 3600 1.115 0.198 8 1.122 1.06 Th/U TIMS * Activity ratios of 234U/238U, 230Th/234U, and 230Th/232Th are given. Calculation methods are as described by Li et al. (1989). 2s errors in 234U/238U, 230Th/234U, 230Th/232Th, initial 234U/238U activities, and U concentration are smaller than 0.7, 2, 2, 0.3, and 0.2%, respectively. 2. Jerusalem West Cave stalagmite AF12 d13C data Digitized from Figure 3b Frumkin et al. 2000 by WDC Paleo YearAD delta13C-PDB 0 -4.93 1288 -4.66 2093 -5.07 2898 -5.16 3542 -5.5 3864 -6.31 4347 -5.62 4830 -5.71 5313 -5.69 5956 -5.3 6439 -5.69 6922 -5.87 7566 -5.69 7888 -5.6 8532 -6.21 9176 -5.64 9498 -5.8 9981 -5.64 10625 -5.46 10947 -5.64 11108 -4.29 11591 -4.93 11913 -4.36 12074 -4.93 12718 -4.47 13362 -3.35 14006 -3.21 14489 -3.12 15133 -2.71 15616 -2.92 16260 -3.01 16742 -2.92 17547 -3.08 18191 -3.15 18674 -3.19 19157 -3.37 19479 -3.51 19801 -3.6 20123 -3.63 20767 -3.21 21411 -3.56 22055 -3.63 22377 -3.28 23021 -3.58 23665 -3.26 23987 -3.08 24792 -3.26 25114 -3.42 25597 -3.15 26241 -3.1 26724 -3.05 27367 -3.12 27850 -3.17 28172 -3.05 28816 -3.08 29138 -3.58 29782 -3.51 30426 -3.28 31231 -3.24 31714 -2.96 32197 -2.89 32841 -2.57 33485 -3.35 33968 -2.73 34290 -2.76 34773 -2.92 35256 -2.64 35739 -2.55 36544 -2.94 37027 -3.01 37510 -3.4 38475 -3.28 39119 -3.67 39763 -3.47 40568 -3.49 41695 -4.5 42983 -4.5 43627 -4.43 44271 -4.61 44754 -4.77 63911 -4.82 64233 -4.5 64555 -4.04 64555 -4.04 64716 -3.33 65038 -3.51 65199 -4.47 65521 -4.61 65843 -5 66326 -5.21 66809 -4.43 67131 -4.82 67453 -5.21 67936 -5.07 68419 -5.21 69385 -4.22 70028 -4.2 70350 -4.34 70672 -5.05 70994 -5.14 71477 -4.93 71799 -4.56 72282 -4.43 72604 -4.47 72765 -4.63 73087 -4.68 73409 -4.45 73731 -4.66 74536 -4.52 75180 -4.63 75502 -4.66 75824 -5.11 76146 -4.7 76468 -4.75 76951 -4.66 77434 -4.98 77756 -4.75 78078 -4.63 78722 -5 79044 -5.07 79527 -4.98 80010 -4.79 80331 -5.55 80492 -4.63 81136 -4.5 81297 -5.48 81619 -5.37 81941 -5.5 82424 -4.66 82746 -5.57 83068 -5.11 83390 -5.34 83551 -5.71 83873 -4.22 84195 -5.3 84517 -5.39 84839 -5.21 85161 -5.66 85483 -5.78 85966 -5.5 86449 -5.76 86771 -5.37 87576 -5.44 87898 -5.48 88059 -5.07 88542 -5.71 88864 -5.87 89347 -5.57 89508 -5.71 89991 -5.48 90474 -5.66 91278 -5.53 91600 -5.89 92566 -5.85 93210 -6.44 93532 -5.89 94015 -5.96 94176 -5.71 94498 -6.08 94820 -5.82 95142 -5.89 95625 -5.57 95947 -6.1 96430 -5.44 96752 -6.1 97074 -6.05 97235 -5.92 97718 -6.03 98040 -5.18 98684 -5.3 99006 -5.5 99167 -5.57 99328 -5.44 99650 -5.34 99972 -5.16 100294 -4.75 100616 -5.21 100938 -4.63 101259 -5.05 101420 -4.75 101903 -4.47 102386 -4.52 102547 -5.02 103030 -4.91 103352 -5.48 103996 -5.76 104479 -7.29 104640 -6.05 104801 -5.71 105123 -4.93 105767 -5.48 105928 -4.66 106411 -4.56 106894 -4.7 107055 -4.75 107377 -5.78 107860 -5.71 108343 -5.98 109470 -6.03 109953 -5.25 110597 -5.32 111402 -5.5 111884 -5.85 112528 -5.66 113172 -6.42 113333 -6.81 114138 -6.21 115265 -6.65 116070 -7.43 116553 -7.18 117197 -7.54 117841 -6.35 118324 -7.13 118807 -7.63 119451 -7.43 120095 -7.2 120739 -7.82 121544 -7.13 122188 -7.93 122831 -7.22 123475 -6.65 124119 -6.99 124924 -8.23 125729 -7.75 126373 -8.14 127017 -8.27 127661 -7.75 128305 -7.68 129110 -7.4 130076 -7.95 130559 -7.11 131364 -8.48 131525 -8.07 131686 -7.61 131847 -7.77 132330 -8.07 132813 -8.23 132813 -8.23 133134 -8.37 133617 -8.78 133778 -8.16 134100 -7.56 134583 -7.08 135066 -6.31 135227 -6.12 135710 -6.08 136515 -5.62 136998 -5.69 137159 -5.44 137481 -5.53 138447 -5.27 138769 -5.32 139252 -5.78 140540 -3.88 143116 -3.6 145530 -3.76 148106 -3.6 150682 -3.79 153097 -3.83 155672 -4.4 158248 -3.05 160824 -3.79 163722 -3.95 166297 -3.97 168873 -3.37