Mt. Arthur, New Zealand 31KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Mt. Arthur, New Zealand 31KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 9/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Hellstrom, J., M. McCulloch, and J. Stone IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-100 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Hellstrom, J., et al. 2010. Mt. Arthur, New Zealand 31KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-100. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Hellstrom, J., M. McCulloch, and J. Stone. 1998. A detailed 31,000-year record of climate and vegetation change, from the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand speleothems. Quaternary Research, Vol. 50, pp. 167-178. ARTICLE NO. QR981991 ABSTRACT: Uranium-series dating and stable isotope analyses of two speleothems from northwest Nelson, New Zealand, record changes in regional climate and local forest extent over the past 31,000 years. Oxygen isotope variation in these speleothems primarily represents changes in the meteoric waters falling above the caves, possibly responding to latitudinal changes in the position of the Subtropical Front in the Tasman Sea. Seven positive excursions can be identified in the oxygen isotope record, which coincide with periods of glacier advance, known to be sensitive to northward movement of the Subtropical Front. Four glacier advances occurred during oxygen isotope stage 2, with the most extreme glacial conditions centered on 19,000 cal yr B.P. An excursion in the oxygen isotope record from 13,800 to 11,700 cal yr B.P. provides support for a previously identified New Zealand glacier advance at the time of the Younger Dryas Stade, but suggests it began slightly before the Younger Dryas as recorded in Greenland ice cores. Carbon isotope variations in the speleothems record changes in forest productivity, closely matching existing paleovegetation records. On the basis of vegetation changes, stage 2 glacial climate conditions terminated abruptly in central New Zealand, from 15,700 to 14,200 cal yr B.P. Evidence of continuous speleothem growth at one site suggests that depression of the local treeline was limited to 600-700 m below its present altitude, throughout the last 31,000 years. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 31 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: DESCRIPTION: Continuous high-resolution stable isotope records from caves in New Zealand over the last 31,000 yr. Mt. Arthur (1795 m) is located northwestern corner of New Zealand's South Island, underlain by many known cave systems, the two largest and deepest being Exhaleair and Nettlebed Caves used for this study. A 50-mm-diameter core sample was recovered from each site by drilling into gently sloping flowstones (massive sheet speleothems which form on cave walls and floors). Core MD3 was dated at nine points, and Core ED1 was dated at three points, using the mass-spectrometric 238U-234U-230Th method. Site Locations: Speleothems ED1 and MD3, Mt. Arthur, South Island, New Zealand: ED1 (Exhaleair Cave): ~41°17'S, 172°38'E, 685m elev, ~200m below surface. MD3 (Nettlebed Cave): ~41°15'S, 172°41'E, 390m elev, ~200m below surface. DATA: 1. Table 1. U-Series Data and Calculated Ages for Mt. Arthur Speleothems Sample U Depth 234U/238U 2-sigma 230Th/238U 2-sigma Age 2-sigma 230Th/232Th Corrected (ppm) (mm) Activity error activity error (yr)*a error Activity Age(yr)*b MD3A1 0.052 105 1.37 0.044 0.067 0.003 5401 275 82 5380 MD3A5 0.049 297 1.355 0.004 0.108 0.009 9018 782 10 8140 MD3A6 0.091 374 1.362 0.007 0.136 0.013 11,382 1157 564 11,370 MD3A7 0.113 451 1.41 0.013 0.169 0.01 13,850 878 177 13,790 MD3A9 0.081 462 1.402 0.007 0.176 0.004 14,499 322 260 14,450 MD3A19 0.092 486 1.413 0.005 0.191 0.001 15,699 145 193 15,620 MD3A10 0.113 511 1.405 0.005 0.244 0.02 20,533 1868 103 20,350 MD3A11 0.106 540 1.386 0.057 0.313 0.021 27,469 2417 173 27,330 MD3.11C2 0.107 581 1.376 0.003 0.345 0.004 31,012 442 85 30,700 ED1A1 0.073 103 1.246 0.01 0.086 0.003 7786 239 15 7260 ED1A2 0.068 173 1.225 0.03 0.17 0.009 16,216 980 22 15,490 ED1A4 0.04 179 1.178 0.005 0.583 0.014 72,777 2501 42 71,520 *a Two-sigma errors are propagated by Monte Carlo simulation, and can be considered symmetrical for young samples such as these. *b Ages recalculated to allow for the effect of detrital thorium, by assuming 230Th/232Th activity was equal to 1 at time of formation. Corrected ages are not used in the text of this paper, as, with the exception of samples MD3A5, ED1A1, and ED1A4, the correction is not significant, and it introduces additional assumptions to the dating technique. 2. Mt. Arthur Speleothem ED1 Stable Isotope Data Depth (mm) Age yrBP d13C(PDB) d18O(PDB) 2.5 189.9225 7.5 569.7675 -4.4276 -6.339 12.5 949.6125 -5.1096 -6.4862 17.5 1329.458 -4.9756 -6.562 22.5 1709.302 -5.2805 -6.5328 27.5 2089.147 -4.6432 -6.4949 32.5 2468.992 -5.2419 -6.6334 37.5 2848.837 -5.7895 -6.6331 42.5 3228.683 -5.2251 -6.6991 47.5 3608.528 -5.0022 -6.4327 52.5 3988.373 -5.1588 -6.2964 57.5 4368.217 -4.97 -6.2115 62.5 4748.063 -5.7208 -6.2222 67.5 5127.908 -5.7588 -6.4183 72.5 5507.752 -6.1331 -6.613 77.5 5887.598 -6.0199 -6.4476 82.5 6267.442 -6.25 -6.5488 87.5 6647.288 -5.7185 -6.5631 92.5 7027.132 -5.1977 -6.23 97.5 7406.978 -5.3184 -6.1318 102.5 7786.823 -5.0791 -5.9688 107.5 8388.878 -4.8974 -5.7458 112.5 8990.934 -4.5193 -5.7688 117.5 9592.988 -4.5582 -5.6362 122.5 10195.04 -3.9271 -5.4763 127.5 10797.1 -5.2726 -5.476 132.5 11399.16 -5.263 -5.6102 137.5 12001.21 -4.9958 -5.6376 142.5 12603.27 -5.6009 -5.4915 147.5 13205.32 -5.6611 -5.3885 152.5 13807.38 -6.0264 -5.5915 157.5 14409.43 -4.8681 -5.4688 162.5 15011.49 -3.7765 -5.1314 167.5 15613.54 -3.3361 -5.0963 3. Mt. Arthur Speleothem MD3 Stable Isotope Data Depth (mm) Age yrBP d13C(PDB) d18O(PDB) 2.5 128.6 -7.51 -5.73 2.5 128.6 -7.6329 -5.5918 7.5 385.8 -6.31 -5.78 12.5 643 -4.05 -5.95 17.5 900.2 -4.94 -5.99 22.5 1157.4 -5.19 -5.86 27.5 1414.6 -5.09 -5.93 32.5 1671.8 -5.05 -5.8 37.5 1929 -5.15 -5.94 42.5 2186.2 -5.78 -5.99 47.5 2443.4 -6.08 -5.96 52.5 2700.6 -6.22 -6 57.5 2957.8 -4.73 -5.87 62.5 3215 -6.03 -5.68 67.5 3472.2 -6.45 -5.73 72.5 3729.4 -6.46 -5.78 77.5 3986.6 -6.12 -5.62 82.5 4243.8 -6.26 -5.88 87.5 4501 -6.16 -5.86 92.5 4758.2 -5.8247 -5.9706 97.5 5015.4 -6.11 -5.87 102.5 5272.6 -5.63 -6 107.5 5448.3 -5.56 -5.73 112.5 5542.5 -5.37 -5.92 117.5 5636.7 -5.37 -5.65 122.5 5730.9 -5.63 -5.94 122.5 5730.9 -5.6323 -5.8791 122.5 5730.9 -5.5921 -5.8696 122.5 5730.9 -5.661 -5.9157 122.5 5730.9 -5.6177 -5.9797 127.5 5825.1 -6.8 -5.94 132.5 5919.3 -6.57 -5.8 137.5 6013.5 -6.99 -5.66 142.5 6107.7 -6.68 -5.88 147.5 6201.9 -7.16 -5.75 152.5 6296.1 -6.53 -5.4 157.5 6390.3 -6.91 -5.83 162.5 6484.5 -7.47 -5.97 167.5 6578.7 -7.08 -5.62 172.5 6672.9 -6.86 -5.39 177.5 6767.1 -6.89 -5.51 182.5 6861.3 -6.88 -5.96 187.5 6955.5 -7.19 -5.98 192.5 7049.7 -6.85 -5.73 197.5 7143.9 -6.75 -5.61 202.5 7238.1 -6.77 -5.49 207.5 7332.3 -6.59 -5.69 212.5 7426.5 -5.47 -5.51 217.5 7520.7 -6.79 -5.69 222.5 7614.9 -6.96 -5.63 227.5 7709.1 -6.8 -5.54 232.5 7803.3 -6.3 -5.24 237.5 7897.5 -6.04 -5.1 242.5 7991.7 -7.5683 -5.7307 247.5 8085.9 -6.3673 -5.3692 252.5 8180.1 -6.7137 -5.1786 257.5 8274.3 -6.4133 -5.2371 262.5 8368.5 -6.0169 -5.3725 267.5 8462.7 -6.9025 -5.2642 272.5 8556.9 -6.85 -5.21 277.5 8651.1 -5.3616 -5.2256 282.5 8745.3 -4.8917 -5.1165 287.5 8839.5 -4.52 -5 292.5 8933.7 -5.9497 -5.1137 297.5 9034.275 -4.9515 -5.2946 302.5 9187.725 -5.2513 -5.064 307.5 9341.175 -4.9632 -5.0338 312.5 9494.625 -5.8132 -5.2595 317.5 9648.075 -5.1716 -5.0599 322.5 9801.525 -3.8288 -4.9305 327.5 9954.975 -4.9808 -5.168 332.5 10108.425 -6.2409 -5.1633 337.5 10261.875 -5.8252 -5.1953 342.5 10415.325 -7.1752 -5.1394 347.5 10568.775 -7.16 -5.28 352.5 10722.225 -7.31 -5.51 357.5 10875.675 -7.18 -5.28 362.5 11029.125 -7.06 -5.37 367.5 11182.575 -7.05 -5.46 372.5 11336.025 -6.69 -5.37 377.5 11491.65 -6.25 -5.46 382.5 11651.95 -5.7123 -5.2459 387.5 11812.25 -5.6294 -5.2215 392.5 11972.55 -6.1129 -5.0869 397.5 12132.85 -6.7359 -5.1263 402.5 12293.15 -6.748 -5.2404 407.5 12453.45 -6.2914 -4.9803 412.5 12613.75 -5.9618 -5.1113 417.5 12774.05 -5.3583 -5.0743 422.5 12934.35 -6.0583 -5.0954 427.5 13094.65 -6.8586 -5.084 432.5 13254.95 -6.7817 -5.1982 435.5 13351.13 -7.4826 -5.1425 436.5 13383.19 -6.3661 -5.2111 437.5 13415.25 -5.9558 -5.2172 438.5 13447.31 -5.9026 -5.1916 439.5 13479.37 -5.6195 -5.078 440.5 13511.43 -5.8573 -5.2056 441.5 13543.49 -6.2161 -5.2525 443.5 13607.61 -5.9788 -5.1039 444.5 13639.67 -5.925 -5.0201 445.5 13671.73 -6.724 -5.4468 446.5 13703.79 -6.136 -5.2772 447.5 13735.85 -6.3013 -5.0543 448.5 13767.91 -6.0475 -4.8387 448.5 13767.91 -6.0799 -4.818 451.5 13879.5 -7.4169 -5.6605 452.5 13938.5 -7.0268 -5.4813 453.5 13997.5 -7.2323 -5.3945 454.5 14056.5 -7.5361 -5.281 455.5 14115.5 -7.8244 -5.2985 456.5 14174.5 -7.8152 -5.405 457.5 14233.5 -7.6887 -5.4023 458.5 14292.5 -7.5598 -5.3613 459.5 14351.5 -7.3268 -5.241 460.5 14410.5 -6.1741 -5.2049 461.5 14469.5 -6.2321 -5.4545 462.5 14522 -5.7652 -5.3671 463.5 14572 -4.534 -5.3081 464.5 14622 -5.4581 -5.3693 466 14697 -5.6988 -5.2192 467.5 14772 -5.9877 -5.1727 468.5 14822 -3.6916 -5.1591 468.5 14822 -3.7028 -5.1914 469.5 14872 -4.6221 -5.286 471.5 14972 -2.8643 -5.2613 472.5 15022 -5.0978 -5.2071 473.5 15072 -5.5306 -5.2063 473.5 15072 -5.5504 -5.2362 474.5 15122 -4.0873 -5.2533 475.5 15172 -4.5233 -5.3296 476.5 15222 -3.926 -5.3377 477.5 15272 -3.5533 -5.2206 478.5 15322 -2.1902 -5.1475 479.5 15372 -2.3326 -5.1152 480.5 15422 -3.1798 -5.1409 481.5 15472 -3.2536 -5.134 482.5 15522 -3.6656 -5.1511 483.5 15572 -3.19 -5.0101 484.5 15622 -2.5129 -4.9196 485.5 15672 -2.0002 -4.9581 486.5 15797.64 -1.6077 -4.9848 487.5 15991 -1.9496 -4.8162 488.5 16184.36 -2.0047 -4.6596 488.5 16184.36 -2.0949 -4.8161 489.5 16377.72 -2.0181 -4.5977 490.5 16571.08 -1.985 -4.6579 491.5 16764.44 -2.021 -4.8324 492.5 16957.8 -2.1391 -4.7752 493.5 17151.16 -1.9273 -4.8271 494.5 17344.52 -1.633 -4.8556 494.5 17344.52 -1.6911 -4.8924 495.5 17537.88 -1.3854 -4.96 496.5 17731.24 -0.9863 -4.9937 497.5 17924.6 -0.5691 -4.87 499.5 18311.32 0.3027 -4.7053 500.5 18504.68 0.5468 -4.714 501.5 18698.04 1.0881 -4.1728 502.5 18891.4 1.1686 -4.0709 502.5 18891.4 1.0135 -4.3949 503.5 19084.76 0.7849 -4.3608 504.5 19278.12 0.5484 -4.2138 505.5 19471.48 0.4475 -4.4367 506.5 19664.84 0.4485 -4.6449 507.5 19858.2 0.3318 -4.6408 508.5 20051.56 -0.2095 -4.6923 509.5 20244.92 -0.2436 -4.7866 510.5 20438.28 1.05 -4.72 511.5 20654.455 1.58 -4.63 512.5 20893.625 1.06 -4.81 513.5 21132.795 0.2 -5.03 514.5 21371.965 -0.8061 -4.8309 515.5 21611.135 -1.591 -5.1533 516.5 21850.305 -1.6011 -5.1594 517.5 22089.475 -0.2646 -5.0155 518.5 22328.645 0.2933 -4.8472 519.5 22567.815 0.1635 -5.0353 520.5 22806.985 -0.2457 -4.9476 521.5 23046.155 -0.466 -4.7577 522.5 23285.325 -0.5072 -4.6718 523.5 23524.495 -0.5001 -4.67 524.5 23763.665 -0.6101 -4.6913 526 24122.42 -0.4964 -4.8004 528 24600.76 -0.8658 -5.2222 528 24600.76 -0.8976 -5.1807 530 25079.1 -0.1215 -5.0508 532 25557.44 -0.392 -4.9982 532 25557.44 -0.4058 -4.9795 534 26035.78 -1.6001 -5.0735 536 26514.12 -2.403 -5.0838 538 26992.46 -2.8415 -5.1596 540 27470.8 -3.6869 -5.3893 542 27641.64 -4.4576 -5.6095 544 27814.48 -4.2798 -5.5933 546 27987.32 -4.3133 -5.4478 548 28160.16 -4.5448 -5.5223 550 28333 -4.463 -5.2876 552 28505.84 -4.5728 -5.5428 554 28678.68 -4.5576 -5.6974 556 28851.52 -4.3944 -5.6293 558 29024.36 -4.1481 -5.7632 558 29024.36 -4.1361 -5.7154 560 29197.2 -3.9805 -5.7709 562 29370.04 -2.7494 -5.3827 564 29542.88 -2.9485 -5.4557 566 29715.72 -2.8997 -5.3736 568 29888.56 -3.0931 -5.3142 570 30061.4 -3.1286 -5.4274 572 30234.24 -2.7007 -5.3113 574 30407.08 -2.8306 -5.4457 576 30579.92 -2.9494 -5.2113 578 30752.76 -2.9184 -5.1757 580 30925.6 -2.8354 -5.3205 582 31098.44 -2.7348 -5.4077 584 31271.28 -2.6891 -5.32