# Novgorod Medieval and Modern February-May Temperature Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/russia/novgorod2017temp.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-10-13 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-10-13 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Novgorod Medieval and Modern February-May Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Helama, S.; Huhtamaa, H.; Verkasalo, E.; Läänelaid, A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: A discontinuous (1160-1416 and 1921-1989 CE) February-May temperature reconstruction developed from living and archaeological # ring-width chronologies of scots pine (PISY) for Novgorod (58.52N, 31.25E, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/3749). # Data include temperature values (degC) with 95% and 99% confidence intervals. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Samuli Helama, Heli Huhtamaa, Erkki Verkasalo, and Alar Läänelaid # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-06-01 # Published_Title: Something old, something new, something borrowed: New insights to human-environment interaction in medieval Novgorod inferred from tree rings # Journal_Name: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports # Volume: 13 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 341-350 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.04.008 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X16305879 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Updating archaeological tree-ring collections for calibrations and verifications with instrumental data is an essential step in 'updating' also our understanding of the climate signals in archaeological tree-ring data. Here we delve into the Novgorod tree-ring archives by supplementing the classical medieval chronology with tree-ring data from recently harvested timber. A large, random set of saw logs from the region of archaeological site, hypothetically mimicking the sampling of archaeological timber by medieval people, was used instead of conventional sampling by dendrochronologists on carefully selected sites, to enhance the reciprocal comparability of the datasets. Our tree-ring chronologies provide calibration data explaining 32% of variance in observed February-May temperature and, along with archaeological tree-ring data, a new temperature reconstruction over the medieval period 1160-1416 CE. In the context of the agricultural subsistence economy, we found indications of altering resilience to argue that changes from generally shorter to longer recurrence interval of frost and crop failure events from early (pre-1300) to late (post-1300) period, evident in historical-documentary sources, corresponds with tree-ring evidence. Decreasing amplitude of cool events and growth curtailments and increasing growth rates from early to late period demonstrate long-term change in climate conditions becoming more favorable to agricultural subsistence economy, with implication that the pan-European Great Famine (1315-1322 CE) did not probably extent into NW Russia. Tree-ring data provide means beyond the dating of wooden objects, relevant to the ways in which archaeologists, historians and natural scientists may collaborate in the study of past climate-society nexus. #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Academy of Finland # Grant: 288267 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: Regional Council of North Karelia # Grant: EU Regio Karelia Neighbourhood Programme #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: Finnish Forest Research Institute # Grant: #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: Estonian Research Council # Grant: IUT2-16 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Novgorod # Location: Europe>Eastern Europe>Russia # Country: Russia # Northernmost_Latitude: 58.58 # Southernmost_Latitude: 58.58 # Easternmost_Longitude: 31.25 # Westernmost_Longitude: 31.25 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Novgorod2017temp # Earliest_Year: 1160 # Most_Recent_Year: 1989 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Pinus sylvestris # Common_Name: Scots pine # Tree_Species_Code: PISY #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Tree-ring dating # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , CE, , , , ,N, ## tempanom surface air temperature, , , degrees C, Feb-May, climate reconstructions, anomalized,,N, ## tempanom95- surface air temperature, , 95% confidence interval lower bound, degrees C, Feb-May, climate reconstructions, anomalized,,N, ## tempanom95+ surface air temperature, , 95% confidence interval upper bound, degrees C, Feb-May, climate reconstructions, anomalized,,N, ## tempanom99- surface air temperature, , 99% confidence interval lower bound, degrees C, Feb-May, climate reconstructions, anomalized,,N, ## tempanom99+ surface air temperature, , 99% confidence interval upper bound, degrees C, Feb-May, climate reconstructions, anomalized,,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE tempanom tempanom95- tempanom95+ tempanom99- tempanom99+ 1160 -1.47 -2.21 -0.79 -2.40 -0.55 1161 -2.15 -3.20 -1.23 -3.40 -0.88 1162 -0.15 -0.51 0.23 -0.64 0.33 1163 0.40 -0.01 0.89 -0.14 1.01 1164 -1.03 -1.59 -0.51 -1.73 -0.33 1165 0.82 0.28 1.43 0.11 1.62 1166 0.48 0.06 0.98 -0.10 1.13 1167 1.44 0.70 2.33 0.43 2.53 1168 -1.35 -2.04 -0.72 -2.22 -0.49 1169 0.81 0.27 1.40 0.10 1.60 1170 0.05 -0.31 0.45 -0.42 0.57 1171 -0.57 -0.97 -0.16 -1.13 -0.06 1172 0.34 -0.06 0.81 -0.18 0.92 1173 -0.36 -0.74 0.01 -0.88 0.12 1174 -0.92 -1.44 -0.44 -1.57 -0.28 1175 -1.05 -1.61 -0.52 -1.76 -0.34 1176 -0.27 -0.64 0.10 -0.77 0.19 1177 0.03 -0.33 0.42 -0.45 0.55 1178 -0.38 -0.75 0.00 -0.90 0.10 1179 0.22 -0.16 0.63 -0.27 0.76 1180 0.00 -0.36 0.39 -0.47 0.51 1181 0.29 -0.10 0.73 -0.22 0.84 1182 0.60 0.12 1.12 -0.03 1.28 1183 -0.83 -1.30 -0.37 -1.45 -0.23 1184 0.35 -0.05 0.82 -0.18 0.93 1185 1.08 0.46 1.82 0.25 2.04 1186 0.65 0.16 1.19 0.00 1.36 1187 -0.94 -1.46 -0.45 -1.59 -0.29 1188 -1.36 -2.05 -0.73 -2.23 -0.50 1189 -1.25 -1.88 -0.66 -2.06 -0.44 1190 -0.46 -0.85 -0.07 -0.99 0.02 1191 -1.55 -2.32 -0.84 -2.52 -0.59 1192 1.29 0.61 2.11 0.36 2.32 1193 -0.02 -0.38 0.36 -0.49 0.48 1194 -0.74 -1.19 -0.30 -1.34 -0.18 1195 -0.39 -0.77 -0.01 -0.91 0.09 1196 0.31 -0.08 0.76 -0.20 0.87 1197 1.45 0.71 2.34 0.44 2.54 1198 -1.58 -2.37 -0.86 -2.56 -0.61 1199 0.67 0.18 1.22 0.01 1.39 1200 -0.87 -1.37 -0.41 -1.51 -0.26 1201 -0.31 -0.69 0.06 -0.82 0.16 1202 -0.83 -1.30 -0.37 -1.45 -0.23 1203 -0.42 -0.81 -0.04 -0.95 0.06 1204 -0.06 -0.42 0.32 -0.54 0.42 1205 0.39 -0.02 0.88 -0.15 0.99 1206 0.29 -0.10 0.73 -0.22 0.84 1207 -1.60 -2.40 -0.88 -2.59 -0.62 1208 -0.63 -1.05 -0.22 -1.21 -0.11 1209 -1.62 -2.43 -0.89 -2.62 -0.63 1210 -1.07 -1.64 -0.53 -1.79 -0.35 1211 -1.00 -1.55 -0.49 -1.69 -0.32 1212 0.22 -0.15 0.63 -0.27 0.76 1213 0.11 -0.26 0.51 -0.36 0.64 1214 -0.24 -0.61 0.13 -0.75 0.22 1215 0.73 0.21 1.29 0.05 1.47 1216 -0.74 -1.18 -0.30 -1.34 -0.18 1217 -1.32 -1.99 -0.71 -2.18 -0.48 1218 -2.74 -4.06 -1.60 -4.31 -1.13 1219 -0.83 -1.31 -0.37 -1.45 -0.23 1220 1.35 0.65 2.20 0.39 2.41 1221 2.76 1.49 4.27 1.04 4.65 1222 1.24 0.57 2.04 0.33 2.26 1223 1.11 0.48 1.86 0.26 2.07 1224 1.61 0.81 2.57 0.52 2.77 1225 0.17 -0.21 0.57 -0.31 0.70 1226 0.14 -0.24 0.53 -0.34 0.67 1227 0.71 0.20 1.27 0.04 1.45 1228 1.13 0.50 1.89 0.27 2.10 1229 -1.13 -1.73 -0.58 -1.88 -0.38 1230 -1.35 -2.05 -0.73 -2.23 -0.49 1231 -0.76 -1.21 -0.31 -1.36 -0.19 1232 -1.16 -1.77 -0.60 -1.93 -0.40 1233 -0.84 -1.32 -0.38 -1.47 -0.24 1234 -0.76 -1.21 -0.32 -1.36 -0.20 1235 -0.13 -0.50 0.25 -0.63 0.35 1236 -1.34 -2.02 -0.72 -2.21 -0.49 1237 1.05 0.44 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0.49 1268 -1.48 -2.22 -0.79 -2.41 -0.56 1269 -0.08 -0.44 0.31 -0.56 0.40 1270 0.30 -0.09 0.75 -0.21 0.86 1271 0.92 0.34 1.58 0.17 1.79 1272 -0.03 -0.39 0.36 -0.50 0.47 1273 0.71 0.20 1.27 0.04 1.45 1274 -0.66 -1.08 -0.24 -1.24 -0.12 1275 -0.49 -0.89 -0.10 -1.04 -0.01 1276 0.02 -0.34 0.41 -0.45 0.54 1277 -0.37 -0.75 0.01 -0.89 0.11 1278 0.60 0.13 1.13 -0.03 1.29 1279 0.96 0.37 1.64 0.19 1.85 1280 0.17 -0.21 0.56 -0.31 0.70 1281 -0.61 -1.02 -0.19 -1.18 -0.09 1282 -3.37 -4.99 -1.99 -5.34 -1.35 1283 -0.85 -1.33 -0.39 -1.48 -0.24 1284 0.95 0.36 1.62 0.18 1.83 1285 -0.03 -0.39 0.35 -0.50 0.46 1286 -1.08 -1.65 -0.54 -1.81 -0.35 1287 0.04 -0.32 0.43 -0.43 0.56 1288 1.22 0.56 2.01 0.32 2.23 1289 0.67 0.17 1.21 0.01 1.38 1290 -0.20 -0.57 0.17 -0.69 0.27 1291 0.45 0.03 0.94 -0.11 1.08 1292 -0.61 -1.02 -0.19 -1.18 -0.09 1293 0.19 -0.18 0.60 -0.29 0.73 1294 0.40 -0.01 0.89 -0.14 1.01 1295 -0.04 -0.40 0.34 -0.51 0.45 1296 -0.01 -0.37 0.38 -0.48 0.50 1297 -0.98 -1.51 -0.48 -1.65 -0.31 1298 -1.95 -2.92 -1.10 -3.13 -0.78 1299 -0.03 -0.39 0.35 -0.50 0.46 1300 0.18 -0.19 0.58 -0.30 0.72 1301 -0.35 -0.73 0.02 -0.87 0.13 1302 -0.10 -0.46 0.28 -0.59 0.38 1303 1.79 0.91 2.83 0.60 3.05 1304 -0.45 -0.84 -0.07 -0.99 0.03 1305 -0.48 -0.88 -0.09 -1.03 0.00 1306 0.80 0.26 1.40 0.10 1.59 1307 0.38 -0.03 0.86 -0.15 0.97 1308 0.12 -0.26 0.51 -0.36 0.65 1309 -0.94 -1.47 -0.45 -1.60 -0.29 1310 -0.73 -1.17 -0.30 -1.33 -0.17 1311 -0.65 -1.08 -0.24 -1.24 -0.12 1312 0.69 0.19 1.25 0.03 1.42 1313 0.53 0.08 1.04 -0.07 1.19 1314 -0.03 -0.39 0.35 -0.50 0.46 1315 0.01 -0.36 0.39 -0.47 0.52 1316 -0.06 -0.43 0.32 -0.54 0.42 1317 0.82 0.28 1.43 0.11 1.63 1318 -0.65 -1.07 -0.23 -1.23 -0.12 1319 -0.27 -0.64 0.10 -0.77 0.19 1320 -0.15 -0.51 0.23 -0.64 0.33 1321 -0.71 -1.14 -0.28 -1.30 -0.16 1322 0.70 0.20 1.25 0.03 1.43 1323 0.44 0.02 0.94 -0.12 1.07 1324 -0.36 -0.74 0.02 -0.88 0.12 1325 -1.38 -2.08 -0.74 -2.26 -0.50 1326 -0.37 -0.75 0.00 -0.89 0.10 1327 -0.81 -1.27 -0.35 -1.42 -0.22 1328 -1.90 -2.84 -1.07 -3.05 -0.76 1329 1.13 0.49 1.89 0.27 2.10 1330 -0.21 -0.58 0.16 -0.71 0.26 1331 -0.16 -0.52 0.22 -0.65 0.32 1332 -1.04 -1.59 -0.51 -1.74 -0.33 1333 -1.18 -1.79 -0.61 -1.95 -0.40 1334 0.18 -0.19 0.58 -0.30 0.72 1335 0.04 -0.32 0.43 -0.44 0.56 1336 0.26 -0.12 0.69 -0.24 0.81 1337 1.04 0.43 1.76 0.23 1.97 1338 -2.22 -3.31 -1.28 -3.51 -0.91 1339 0.60 0.13 1.13 -0.03 1.29 1340 -0.52 -0.92 -0.12 -1.07 -0.03 1341 -0.87 -1.36 -0.41 -1.50 -0.26 1342 -0.43 -0.82 -0.05 -0.96 0.05 1343 0.94 0.36 1.61 0.18 1.82 1344 0.99 0.40 1.69 0.20 1.90 1345 0.70 0.20 1.26 0.03 1.44 1346 0.18 -0.20 0.58 -0.30 0.71 1347 -0.13 -0.50 0.24 -0.63 0.35 1348 -0.76 -1.21 -0.32 -1.37 -0.20 1349 -1.13 -1.72 -0.58 -1.88 -0.38 1350 -0.99 -1.53 -0.48 -1.67 -0.31 1351 -0.80 -1.26 -0.35 -1.41 -0.22 1352 -0.29 -0.67 0.08 -0.80 0.17 1353 -1.01 -1.56 -0.50 -1.70 -0.32 1354 1.01 0.41 1.71 0.21 1.93 1355 0.14 -0.24 0.53 -0.34 0.67 1356 -0.36 -0.74 0.01 -0.88 0.12 1357 -1.74 -2.60 -0.96 -2.81 -0.69 1358 -1.33 -2.01 -0.71 -2.19 -0.48 1359 0.17 -0.20 0.57 -0.30 0.71 1360 -0.50 -0.89 -0.10 -1.04 -0.01 1361 -0.13 -0.50 0.24 -0.63 0.35 1362 1.45 0.71 2.34 0.44 2.54 1363 0.45 0.03 0.94 -0.11 1.08 1364 0.35 -0.05 0.83 -0.17 0.93 1365 -0.13 -0.50 0.25 -0.63 0.35 1366 -0.04 -0.40 0.34 -0.51 0.45 1367 -0.63 -1.04 -0.21 -1.20 -0.10 1368 -0.31 -0.69 0.06 -0.82 0.16 1369 -0.90 -1.41 -0.43 -1.54 -0.27 1370 -0.19 -0.56 0.18 -0.68 0.28 1371 0.12 -0.25 0.52 -0.35 0.65 1372 -0.75 -1.19 -0.31 -1.35 -0.19 1373 1.11 0.48 1.86 0.27 2.08 1374 1.45 0.71 2.34 0.44 2.53 1375 -0.51 -0.90 -0.11 -1.06 -0.02 1376 0.81 0.27 1.40 0.10 1.60 1377 -0.47 -0.86 -0.08 -1.01 0.01 1378 -0.81 -1.27 -0.35 -1.42 -0.22 1379 -1.21 -1.84 -0.63 -2.01 -0.42 1380 -0.24 -0.61 0.13 -0.74 0.22 1381 0.64 0.15 1.18 -0.01 1.35 1382 0.65 0.16 1.20 0.00 1.36 1383 -0.04 -0.40 0.34 -0.51 0.45 1384 0.20 -0.18 0.60 -0.29 0.74 1385 -0.19 -0.56 0.18 -0.68 0.28 1386 0.09 -0.28 0.48 -0.39 0.62 1387 -0.53 -0.93 -0.13 -1.09 -0.04 1388 -0.83 -1.30 -0.37 -1.45 -0.23 1389 -0.25 -0.62 0.12 -0.75 0.22 1390 -0.06 -0.42 0.32 -0.53 0.43 1391 -2.24 -3.34 -1.29 -3.54 -0.92 1392 -0.18 -0.55 0.19 -0.67 0.29 1393 0.94 0.36 1.62 0.18 1.82 1394 -0.56 -0.96 -0.16 -1.12 -0.06 1395 -1.23 -1.86 -0.64 -2.03 -0.43 1396 -0.69 -1.12 -0.27 -1.28 -0.15 1397 -0.58 -0.98 -0.17 -1.14 -0.07 1398 0.14 -0.23 0.54 -0.33 0.68 1399 0.26 -0.13 0.69 -0.24 0.80 1400 1.01 0.42 1.72 0.22 1.93 1401 -0.38 -0.76 0.00 -0.90 0.10 1402 0.01 -0.35 0.40 -0.46 0.53 1403 -0.38 -0.76 0.00 -0.90 0.10 1404 -1.06 -1.63 -0.53 -1.78 -0.35 1405 -1.94 -2.89 -1.09 -3.10 -0.77 1406 -0.07 -0.43 0.32 -0.54 0.42 1407 0.29 -0.10 0.73 -0.22 0.84 1408 -0.21 -0.58 0.16 -0.70 0.26 1409 0.89 0.32 1.53 0.15 1.74 1410 -0.78 -1.24 -0.33 -1.39 -0.21 1411 -0.46 -0.85 -0.07 -0.99 0.02 1412 -0.15 -0.52 0.22 -0.64 0.33 1413 0.19 -0.19 0.59 -0.29 0.72 1414 0.11 -0.26 0.51 -0.36 0.65 1415 0.66 0.17 1.21 0.01 1.38 1416 -0.69 -1.12 -0.26 -1.27 -0.14 1921 0.36 -0.05 0.79 -0.17 0.94 1922 0.72 0.21 1.25 0.07 1.42 1923 -0.61 -1.06 -0.17 -1.14 -0.07 1924 -0.31 -0.68 0.08 -0.78 0.19 1925 0.45 0.02 0.91 -0.10 1.06 1926 -0.51 -0.92 -0.09 -1.01 -0.01 1927 0.06 -0.31 0.44 -0.39 0.57 1928 -0.15 -0.52 0.22 -0.59 0.35 1929 -0.38 -0.76 0.01 -0.86 0.12 1930 0.37 -0.04 0.81 -0.16 0.96 1931 -0.14 -0.52 0.23 -0.59 0.36 1932 0.33 -0.08 0.76 -0.18 0.91 1933 -0.73 -1.20 -0.28 -1.30 -0.16 1934 0.34 -0.07 0.77 -0.17 0.92 1935 -0.33 -0.71 0.06 -0.80 0.17 1936 0.05 -0.32 0.43 -0.40 0.56 1937 0.97 0.38 1.59 0.22 1.80 1938 -0.30 -0.67 0.09 -0.76 0.21 1939 -1.00 -1.54 -0.46 -1.66 -0.32 1940 -0.30 -0.67 0.08 -0.77 0.20 1941 -0.39 -0.78 0.00 -0.87 0.11 1942 -1.17 -1.77 -0.57 -1.90 -0.42 1943 1.52 0.72 2.34 0.56 2.64 1944 -0.15 -0.53 0.22 -0.60 0.35 1945 1.50 0.71 2.30 0.55 2.60 1946 -0.38 -0.77 0.01 -0.86 0.12 1947 0.18 -0.21 0.58 -0.29 0.71 1948 0.34 -0.06 0.77 -0.17 0.92 1949 0.29 -0.12 0.71 -0.21 0.84 1950 0.43 0.00 0.88 -0.12 1.03 1951 0.23 -0.16 0.64 -0.25 0.77 1952 -0.73 -1.20 -0.28 -1.30 -0.16 1953 -0.82 -1.31 -0.33 -1.41 -0.21 1954 -0.18 -0.56 0.19 -0.63 0.32 1955 -0.15 -0.53 0.22 -0.60 0.35 1956 -2.47 -3.61 -1.40 -3.83 -1.06 1957 0.71 0.20 1.25 0.07 1.41 1958 -1.71 -2.54 -0.92 -2.71 -0.67 1959 0.00 -0.37 0.38 -0.46 0.50 1960 -0.44 -0.84 -0.04 -0.93 0.06 1961 0.15 -0.24 0.53 -0.32 0.66 1962 -0.16 -0.53 0.21 -0.61 0.34 1963 -0.74 -1.22 -0.28 -1.32 -0.17 1964 -0.41 -0.80 -0.02 -0.90 0.09 1965 -0.41 -0.81 -0.02 -0.90 0.08 1966 0.02 -0.34 0.40 -0.43 0.53 1967 0.86 0.31 1.45 0.16 1.65 1968 -1.05 -1.61 -0.49 -1.72 -0.35 1969 -1.71 -2.52 -0.92 -2.69 -0.67 1970 1.81 0.90 2.75 0.70 3.08 1971 -0.03 -0.41 0.35 -0.49 0.46 1972 0.40 -0.02 0.84 -0.14 0.99 1973 0.05 -0.31 0.44 -0.40 0.56 1974 0.06 -0.31 0.44 -0.39 0.57 1975 1.13 0.48 1.81 0.33 2.05 1976 0.02 -0.35 0.40 -0.43 0.53 1977 -1.20 -1.81 -0.59 -1.94 -0.44 1978 1.52 0.72 2.33 0.56 2.63 1979 -0.08 -0.45 0.30 -0.52 0.42 1980 -1.12 -1.71 -0.54 -1.83 -0.40 1981 -0.46 -0.86 -0.05 -0.96 0.03 1982 -1.50 -2.23 -0.79 -2.39 -0.57 1983 -0.39 -0.78 0.00 -0.88 0.10 1984 -0.43 -0.83 -0.04 -0.93 0.06 1985 -0.74 -1.21 -0.28 -1.31 -0.16 1986 -0.91 -1.43 -0.40 -1.53 -0.26 1987 -0.46 -0.86 -0.05 -0.95 0.04 1988 1.45 0.67 2.23 0.52 2.52 1989 0.93 0.36 1.54 0.20 1.74