# San Francisco Bay Northern Estuary 625 Year Salinity Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17395 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/california/sfbay2011salinity.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-11-05 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: San Francisco Bay Northern Estuary 625 Year Salinity Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Stahle, D.W.; Griffin, R.D.; Cleaveland, M.K.; Edmondson, J.R.; Fye, F.K.; Burnette, D.J.; Abatzoglou, J.T.; Redmond, K.T.; Meko, D.M.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R.; Therrell, M.D. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Reconstruction of the position of the low salinity zone (LSZ) in the San Francisco Bay Northern Estuary # for the past 625 Years, based on 3 northern California blue oak tree-ring chronologies. Reconstructed parameter is # the February–June seasonal LSZ position, in kilometers from the Golden Gate. Reconstruction is calibrated against # instrumental February-June average LSZ position data presented in Table 3 of Stahle et al. 2011, copied below. # Table 4 of Stahle et al. 2011 (copied below) presents the reconstruction in decadal format, 10 values per row. # The same data are presented in the data section of this file, in simple column format, Year AD vs. reconstructed LSZ position. # # Tree-ring chronologies used in this study are archived in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank: # Bear Valley: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8544 # Mount Diablo: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/4904 # Rock Springs: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8564 # # # Table 3 Instrumental February–June average LSZ position listed in kilometers from the Golden Gate (Source: Jassby and others 1995). # # Date 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # 1956 --- --- --- --- --- --- 54.78 66.54 49.88 72.56 # 1960 70.32 71.82 65.52 58.74 74.06 60.14 70.52 54.72 71.62 53.36 # 1970 67.72 62.58 75.74 64.60 59.20 60.36 82.68 92.22 61.24 69.60 # 1980 63.96 74.30 56.42 49.16 68.82 75.44 60.70 78.18 84.48 78.08 # 1990 86.12 85.24 80.70 60.74 77.36 51.44 57.52 63.58 50.18 60.20 # 2000 62.68 74.02 73.70 66.72 --- --- --- --- --- --- # # # # # Table 4 Tree-ring reconstructed February–June seasonal LSZ position listed in kilometers from the Golden Gate. # # Date 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # 1370 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 82.95 # 1380 50.2 63.73 71.04 37.71 69.15 57.72 75.78 72.11 67.34 65.96 # 1390 88.71 74 69.79 73.25 62.47 63.63 58.26 69.32 68.3 71.47 # 1400 70.5 74.86 82.65 61.43 65.74 72 60.91 89.07 73.77 61.47 # 1410 74.67 58.19 56.58 75.1 46.37 65.92 70.05 74.96 65.08 79.05 # 1420 39.08 72.23 58.33 61.96 57.14 77.5 72.56 68.2 71.04 72.35 # 1430 80.76 78.48 70.09 51.6 77.82 61 45.73 60.39 60.56 64.89 # 1440 51.1 57.05 65.36 62.19 80.57 55.81 64.29 70.72 61.17 56.88 # 1450 71.23 63.68 83.67 72.23 66.06 60.68 74.66 66.36 53.57 81.74 # 1460 66.27 74.33 58.21 71.23 76.99 73.21 51.1 47.46 83.88 57.95 # 1470 44.47 62.24 76.4 71.7 63.11 72.56 78.2 70.9 72.28 80.11 # 1480 84.02 69.44 64.03 69.86 55.16 63.56 59.82 56.88 54.34 61.12 # 1490 67.9 55.46 73.3 57.65 71.54 68.32 68.93 82.22 68.04 86.6 # 1500 64.55 52.27 62.59 57.93 74 78.45 75.85 78.85 61.57 57.4 # 1510 76.24 77.01 59.84 63.35 70.02 69.29 75.73 64.41 86.63 79.69 # 1520 73.1 83 64.1 65.29 44 60.72 63.61 73.37 72.86 86.98 # 1530 47.65 73.49 86.03 70.53 52.67 57 59.04 67.23 65.55 59.86 # 1540 75.03 82.69 77.84 76.87 70.62 70.25 60.58 71.75 80.64 59.96 # 1550 66.48 65.48 69.44 54.44 72.58 73.12 68.48 55.91 62.59 62.75 # 1560 55.16 76.8 69.69 60.65 63.38 56.74 61.77 57.42 59.42 76.28 # 1570 73.07 86.98 79.15 58.8 68.41 73.58 70.88 51.03 66.04 85.84 # 1580 84.07 62.24 75.74 67.24 69.67 77.91 58.97 54.02 71.48 56.99 # 1590 72.35 57.48 77.45 62.3 71.91 65.44 55.78 73.85 58.16 59.39 # 1600 74.47 50.27 66.56 68.61 71.01 58.75 55.7 72.27 62.26 63.62 # 1610 69.32 69.4 72.73 87.33 66.89 66.08 65.99 74.02 76.15 67.02 # 1620 59.29 78.62 64.08 54.84 69.04 58.45 75.52 53.26 65.56 74.97 # 1630 61.61 75.59 74.88 63.41 67.56 65.49 77.29 76.08 65.81 83.32 # 1640 63.32 64.5 56.39 69.62 64.18 71.6 66.57 69.39 70.28 57.24 # 1650 60.87 65.34 74.92 76.18 86.07 71.42 38.99 70.15 74.03 78.71 # 1660 55.8 54.88 57.65 75.28 59.96 68.14 70.25 84.79 54.39 79.61 # 1670 83.44 56.22 51 78.06 65.87 63.44 80.74 56.41 66.64 66.54 # 1680 59.37 65.26 59.68 63.36 62.76 61.98 75.02 65.67 69.31 69.25 # 1690 79.57 87.06 62.93 58.91 63.46 66.45 44.49 61.73 79.1 68.28 # 1700 64.05 74.92 54.52 82.01 51.46 69.77 81.94 68.01 73.09 58.64 # 1710 79.53 62.42 66.09 66.54 72.48 70.79 66.77 63.56 66.05 80.93 # 1720 67.03 82.26 73.23 49.44 69.29 57.91 83.8 57.86 77.2 77.17 # 1730 38.99 54.18 57.36 88.27 51.97 70.7 73.36 76.9 50.37 62.91 # 1740 49.34 67.37 58.04 63.51 62.24 59.24 65.86 60.93 80.63 67.47 # 1750 68.08 75.68 67.46 67.12 72.07 73.81 82.91 77.62 65.11 62.93 # 1760 75.35 66.87 69.44 60.85 71.68 87.05 64.3 58.65 56.31 55.85 # 1770 81.72 56.94 68.37 68.6 63.01 70.18 84.02 79.52 68.56 60.51 # 1780 76.92 66.94 86.51 80.18 48.58 56.13 68.82 54.42 77.47 48.4 # 1790 53.12 68.73 53.63 67.89 79.16 86.99 80.15 55.67 59.6 59.61 # 1800 78.06 58.12 71.48 80.81 65.91 73.48 66.73 75.2 75.63 77.05 # 1810 64.81 57.12 75.52 59.01 72.13 68.79 69.55 61.18 72.91 57.26 # 1820 69.35 62.87 73.91 68.56 78.75 40.01 55.42 77.48 50.13 89.9 # 1830 55.25 73.15 58.4 61.17 68.4 68.47 64.93 73.51 56.47 71.78 # 1840 69.37 85.39 58.44 83.53 83.62 68.46 72.56 54.86 64.9 67.94 # 1850 59.56 72.85 66.39 56.14 63.07 72.49 80.71 72.93 77.32 75.66 # 1860 70.18 64.95 48.84 74.77 88.31 63.38 59.13 57.78 38.81 63.76 # 1870 77.69 78.3 57.11 69.62 62.86 72.61 59.33 84.85 45.38 73.69 # 1880 66.85 68.34 76.3 79.27 51.71 73.4 57.9 75.45 71.89 67.29 # 1890 49.13 63.5 75.86 55.4 68.47 60.11 63.79 71.4 87.64 72.43 # 1900 72.99 55.79 68.15 69.84 65.41 64.16 57.84 53.5 68.34 61.74 # 1910 68.22 60.03 83.76 80.93 48.91 51.82 62.27 68.37 79.43 71.22 # 1920 82.89 67.25 64 69.86 86.6 64.51 65.38 63.75 69.28 81.06 # 1930 72.11 84.7 58.58 79.05 75.57 60.56 54.13 57.28 54.35 84.33 # 1940 52.89 44.24 57.48 68.28 69.99 70.66 75.93 79.53 78.15 69.17 # 1950 74.45 67.42 49.2 66.02 72.37 74.75 59.67 71.7 51.02 73.86 # 1960 73.94 78.27 63.32 58.97 78.44 62.51 70.31 56.77 72 54.68 # 1970 65.64 69.3 82.99 58.25 60.72 71.53 89.99 82.89 46.94 65.89 # 1980 61.56 72.98 56.76 50.16 63.5 76.11 60.97 80.85 77.45 77.78 # 1990 79.21 70.59 73.47 52.29 77.29 54.3 61.58 68.01 42.61 67.39 # 2000 67.68 76.75 75.87 64.79 --- --- --- --- --- --- # # # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: David W. Stahle, R. Daniel Griffin, Malcolm K. Cleaveland, Jesse R. Edmondson, Falko K. Fye, Dorian J. Burnette, John T. Abatzoglou, Kelly T. Redmond, David M. Meko, Micheal D. Dettinger, Daniel R. Cayan, Matthew D. Therrell # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011-04-01 # Published_Title: A Tree-Ring Reconstruction of the Salinity Gradient in the Northern Estuary of San Francisco Bay # Journal_Name: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science # Volume: 9 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: # DOI: # Online_Resource: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cz3q8v4 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Blue oak tree-ring chronologies correlate highly with winter-spring precipitation totals over California, with Sacramento and San Joaquin river stream flow, and with seasonal variations in the salinity gradient in San Francisco Bay. The convergence of fresh and saline currents can influence turbidity, sediment accumulation, and biological productivity in the estuary. Three selected blue oak chronologies were used to develop a 625-year-long reconstruction of the seasonal salinity gradient, or low salinity zone (LSZ), which provides a unique perspective on the interannual-to-decadal variability of this important estuarine habitat indicator. The reconstruction was calibrated with instrumental LSZ data for the winter-spring season, and explains 73% of the variance in the February-June position of the LSZ from 1956 to 2003. Because this calibration period post-dates the sweeping changes that have occurred to land cover, channel morphology, and natural streamflow regimes in California, the reconstruction provides an idealized estimate for how the LSZ might have fluctuated under the seasonal precipitation variations of the past 625 years, given the modern geometry and bathymetry of the estuary and land cover across the drainage basin. The February-June season integrates precipitation and runoff variability during the cool season, and does not extend into the late-summer dry season when LSZ extremes can negatively affect Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) agriculture and some aquatic organisms. However, there is such strong inter-seasonal persistence in the instrumental LSZ data that precipitation totals during the cool season can strongly pre-condition LSZ position in late summer. The 625-year-long reconstruction indicates strong interannual and decadal variability, the frequent recurrence of consecutive 2-year LSZ maxima and minima, large-scale ocean atmospheric forcing, and an interesting asymmetrical influence of warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program # Grant: ERP02–P30 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: San Francisco Bay Northern Estuary # Location: North America>United States Of America>California # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 38.067975 # Southernmost_Latitude: 38.067975 # Easternmost_Longitude: -121.842735 # Westernmost_Longitude: -121.842735 # Elevation: 1 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Stahle2011SFBayLSZ # Earliest_Year: 1379 # Most_Recent_Year: 2003 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ##LSZ Low salinity zone position, , , kilometers from the Golden Gate, February–June, , , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_AD LSZ 1379 82.95 1380 50.2 1381 63.73 1382 71.04 1383 37.71 1384 69.15 1385 57.72 1386 75.78 1387 72.11 1388 67.34 1389 65.96 1390 88.71 1391 74 1392 69.79 1393 73.25 1394 62.47 1395 63.63 1396 58.26 1397 69.32 1398 68.3 1399 71.47 1400 70.5 1401 74.86 1402 82.65 1403 61.43 1404 65.74 1405 72 1406 60.91 1407 89.07 1408 73.77 1409 61.47 1410 74.67 1411 58.19 1412 56.58 1413 75.1 1414 46.37 1415 65.92 1416 70.05 1417 74.96 1418 65.08 1419 79.05 1420 39.08 1421 72.23 1422 58.33 1423 61.96 1424 57.14 1425 77.5 1426 72.56 1427 68.2 1428 71.04 1429 72.35 1430 80.76 1431 78.48 1432 70.09 1433 51.6 1434 77.82 1435 61 1436 45.73 1437 60.39 1438 60.56 1439 64.89 1440 51.1 1441 57.05 1442 65.36 1443 62.19 1444 80.57 1445 55.81 1446 64.29 1447 70.72 1448 61.17 1449 56.88 1450 71.23 1451 63.68 1452 83.67 1453 72.23 1454 66.06 1455 60.68 1456 74.66 1457 66.36 1458 53.57 1459 81.74 1460 66.27 1461 74.33 1462 58.21 1463 71.23 1464 76.99 1465 73.21 1466 51.1 1467 47.46 1468 83.88 1469 57.95 1470 44.47 1471 62.24 1472 76.4 1473 71.7 1474 63.11 1475 72.56 1476 78.2 1477 70.9 1478 72.28 1479 80.11 1480 84.02 1481 69.44 1482 64.03 1483 69.86 1484 55.16 1485 63.56 1486 59.82 1487 56.88 1488 54.34 1489 61.12 1490 67.9 1491 55.46 1492 73.3 1493 57.65 1494 71.54 1495 68.32 1496 68.93 1497 82.22 1498 68.04 1499 86.6 1500 64.55 1501 52.27 1502 62.59 1503 57.93 1504 74 1505 78.45 1506 75.85 1507 78.85 1508 61.57 1509 57.4 1510 76.24 1511 77.01 1512 59.84 1513 63.35 1514 70.02 1515 69.29 1516 75.73 1517 64.41 1518 86.63 1519 79.69 1520 73.1 1521 83 1522 64.1 1523 65.29 1524 44 1525 60.72 1526 63.61 1527 73.37 1528 72.86 1529 86.98 1530 47.65 1531 73.49 1532 86.03 1533 70.53 1534 52.67 1535 57 1536 59.04 1537 67.23 1538 65.55 1539 59.86 1540 75.03 1541 82.69 1542 77.84 1543 76.87 1544 70.62 1545 70.25 1546 60.58 1547 71.75 1548 80.64 1549 59.96 1550 66.48 1551 65.48 1552 69.44 1553 54.44 1554 72.58 1555 73.12 1556 68.48 1557 55.91 1558 62.59 1559 62.75 1560 55.16 1561 76.8 1562 69.69 1563 60.65 1564 63.38 1565 56.74 1566 61.77 1567 57.42 1568 59.42 1569 76.28 1570 73.07 1571 86.98 1572 79.15 1573 58.8 1574 68.41 1575 73.58 1576 70.88 1577 51.03 1578 66.04 1579 85.84 1580 84.07 1581 62.24 1582 75.74 1583 67.24 1584 69.67 1585 77.91 1586 58.97 1587 54.02 1588 71.48 1589 56.99 1590 72.35 1591 57.48 1592 77.45 1593 62.3 1594 71.91 1595 65.44 1596 55.78 1597 73.85 1598 58.16 1599 59.39 1600 74.47 1601 50.27 1602 66.56 1603 68.61 1604 71.01 1605 58.75 1606 55.7 1607 72.27 1608 62.26 1609 63.62 1610 69.32 1611 69.4 1612 72.73 1613 87.33 1614 66.89 1615 66.08 1616 65.99 1617 74.02 1618 76.15 1619 67.02 1620 59.29 1621 78.62 1622 64.08 1623 54.84 1624 69.04 1625 58.45 1626 75.52 1627 53.26 1628 65.56 1629 74.97 1630 61.61 1631 75.59 1632 74.88 1633 63.41 1634 67.56 1635 65.49 1636 77.29 1637 76.08 1638 65.81 1639 83.32 1640 63.32 1641 64.5 1642 56.39 1643 69.62 1644 64.18 1645 71.6 1646 66.57 1647 69.39 1648 70.28 1649 57.24 1650 60.87 1651 65.34 1652 74.92 1653 76.18 1654 86.07 1655 71.42 1656 38.99 1657 70.15 1658 74.03 1659 78.71 1660 55.8 1661 54.88 1662 57.65 1663 75.28 1664 59.96 1665 68.14 1666 70.25 1667 84.79 1668 54.39 1669 79.61 1670 83.44 1671 56.22 1672 51 1673 78.06 1674 65.87 1675 63.44 1676 80.74 1677 56.41 1678 66.64 1679 66.54 1680 59.37 1681 65.26 1682 59.68 1683 63.36 1684 62.76 1685 61.98 1686 75.02 1687 65.67 1688 69.31 1689 69.25 1690 79.57 1691 87.06 1692 62.93 1693 58.91 1694 63.46 1695 66.45 1696 44.49 1697 61.73 1698 79.1 1699 68.28 1700 64.05 1701 74.92 1702 54.52 1703 82.01 1704 51.46 1705 69.77 1706 81.94 1707 68.01 1708 73.09 1709 58.64 1710 79.53 1711 62.42 1712 66.09 1713 66.54 1714 72.48 1715 70.79 1716 66.77 1717 63.56 1718 66.05 1719 80.93 1720 67.03 1721 82.26 1722 73.23 1723 49.44 1724 69.29 1725 57.91 1726 83.8 1727 57.86 1728 77.2 1729 77.17 1730 38.99 1731 54.18 1732 57.36 1733 88.27 1734 51.97 1735 70.7 1736 73.36 1737 76.9 1738 50.37 1739 62.91 1740 49.34 1741 67.37 1742 58.04 1743 63.51 1744 62.24 1745 59.24 1746 65.86 1747 60.93 1748 80.63 1749 67.47 1750 68.08 1751 75.68 1752 67.46 1753 67.12 1754 72.07 1755 73.81 1756 82.91 1757 77.62 1758 65.11 1759 62.93 1760 75.35 1761 66.87 1762 69.44 1763 60.85 1764 71.68 1765 87.05 1766 64.3 1767 58.65 1768 56.31 1769 55.85 1770 81.72 1771 56.94 1772 68.37 1773 68.6 1774 63.01 1775 70.18 1776 84.02 1777 79.52 1778 68.56 1779 60.51 1780 76.92 1781 66.94 1782 86.51 1783 80.18 1784 48.58 1785 56.13 1786 68.82 1787 54.42 1788 77.47 1789 48.4 1790 53.12 1791 68.73 1792 53.63 1793 67.89 1794 79.16 1795 86.99 1796 80.15 1797 55.67 1798 59.6 1799 59.61 1800 78.06 1801 58.12 1802 71.48 1803 80.81 1804 65.91 1805 73.48 1806 66.73 1807 75.2 1808 75.63 1809 77.05 1810 64.81 1811 57.12 1812 75.52 1813 59.01 1814 72.13 1815 68.79 1816 69.55 1817 61.18 1818 72.91 1819 57.26 1820 69.35 1821 62.87 1822 73.91 1823 68.56 1824 78.75 1825 40.01 1826 55.42 1827 77.48 1828 50.13 1829 89.9 1830 55.25 1831 73.15 1832 58.4 1833 61.17 1834 68.4 1835 68.47 1836 64.93 1837 73.51 1838 56.47 1839 71.78 1840 69.37 1841 85.39 1842 58.44 1843 83.53 1844 83.62 1845 68.46 1846 72.56 1847 54.86 1848 64.9 1849 67.94 1850 59.56 1851 72.85 1852 66.39 1853 56.14 1854 63.07 1855 72.49 1856 80.71 1857 72.93 1858 77.32 1859 75.66 1860 70.18 1861 64.95 1862 48.84 1863 74.77 1864 88.31 1865 63.38 1866 59.13 1867 57.78 1868 38.81 1869 63.76 1870 77.69 1871 78.3 1872 57.11 1873 69.62 1874 62.86 1875 72.61 1876 59.33 1877 84.85 1878 45.38 1879 73.69 1880 66.85 1881 68.34 1882 76.3 1883 79.27 1884 51.71 1885 73.4 1886 57.9 1887 75.45 1888 71.89 1889 67.29 1890 49.13 1891 63.5 1892 75.86 1893 55.4 1894 68.47 1895 60.11 1896 63.79 1897 71.4 1898 87.64 1899 72.43 1900 72.99 1901 55.79 1902 68.15 1903 69.84 1904 65.41 1905 64.16 1906 57.84 1907 53.5 1908 68.34 1909 61.74 1910 68.22 1911 60.03 1912 83.76 1913 80.93 1914 48.91 1915 51.82 1916 62.27 1917 68.37 1918 79.43 1919 71.22 1920 82.89 1921 67.25 1922 64 1923 69.86 1924 86.6 1925 64.51 1926 65.38 1927 63.75 1928 69.28 1929 81.06 1930 72.11 1931 84.7 1932 58.58 1933 79.05 1934 75.57 1935 60.56 1936 54.13 1937 57.28 1938 54.35 1939 84.33 1940 52.89 1941 44.24 1942 57.48 1943 68.28 1944 69.99 1945 70.66 1946 75.93 1947 79.53 1948 78.15 1949 69.17 1950 74.45 1951 67.42 1952 49.2 1953 66.02 1954 72.37 1955 74.75 1956 59.67 1957 71.7 1958 51.02 1959 73.86 1960 73.94 1961 78.27 1962 63.32 1963 58.97 1964 78.44 1965 62.51 1966 70.31 1967 56.77 1968 72 1969 54.68 1970 65.64 1971 69.3 1972 82.99 1973 58.25 1974 60.72 1975 71.53 1976 89.99 1977 82.89 1978 46.94 1979 65.89 1980 61.56 1981 72.98 1982 56.76 1983 50.16 1984 63.5 1985 76.11 1986 60.97 1987 80.85 1988 77.45 1989 77.78 1990 79.21 1991 70.59 1992 73.47 1993 52.29 1994 77.29 1995 54.3 1996 61.58 1997 68.01 1998 42.61 1999 67.39 2000 67.68 2001 76.75 2002 75.87 2003 64.79