Spring Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Spring Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 10/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Rosanne D'Arrigo, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and Rob Wilson, University of Edinburgh. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-095 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: D'Arrigo, R. and R. Wilson. 2006. Spring Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-095. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: D'Arrigo, R. and R. Wilson. 2006. On the Asian Expression of the PDO. International Journal of Climatology. 26: 1607-1617. ABSTRACT: The causes and mechanisms of Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) are still being investigated. One reason that such variability is not better understood is the scarcity of high-resolution paleoclimatic records from the Asian side of the North Pacific. Here we present a reconstruction of the boreal spring (March–May) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, spanning A.D. 1565–1988, that is the first to represent the large-scale Asian expression of this phenomenon using tree-ring data. Intervention analysis reveals significant (95% level) regime shifts corresponding to those in the instrumental PDO during the mid-1920s, mid-1940s and mid-1970s, the latter period associated with the famed 1976 shift in Pacific climate. Shifts in the preinstrumental period show varying correspondence with those of a North American-based treering reconstruction of the North Pacific index (NPI), another indicator of Pacific decadal climate variability. Differences between these two time series hint at modulation of local climate from Asian monsoon, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and volcanic forcing, which could be partly masked by combining data from these sensitive regions in future PDO reconstructions. Overall, however, comparison of the reconstructions from both Asia and North America (NA) is useful for evaluating the distinct expressions of the PDO on both sides of the North Pacific and their interactions with the tropics. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Pacific and northeast Asia PERIOD OF RECORD: 1565 - 1988 AD FUNDING SOURCES: National Science Foundation (USA) Paleoclimate Program (Grants ATM02-02898, OCE 04-02474). Support was also provided by the Inter American Institute (IAI). DESCRIPTION: Reconstruction of the spring PDO index, developed from 17 Asian tree-ring chronologies. Chronologies were screened against the monthly PDO index for the 1900–1988 common period. The 17 which correlated significantly at the 90% significance level or above, for the spring months (MAM) just prior to the growing season, were included. A nested approach, which takes into account the decreasing number of chronologies back in time, was employed to develop the longest possible reconstruction. DATA: Reconstructed and instrumental spring (March-April-May) PDO index YEAR InstMAMpdo Recon Asian PDO 1565 -0.3294 1566 0.9599 1567 0.0857 1568 -0.531 1569 0.7845 1570 1.1404 1571 0.8897 1572 0.2108 1573 0.1802 1574 0.5304 1575 1.0759 1576 0.1823 1577 -0.0714 1578 0.5304 1579 0.5095 1580 0.9561 1581 0.5432 1582 1.1197 1583 -0.3136 1584 0.305 1585 -0.0422 1586 -0.6844 1587 0.3545 1588 0.6131 1589 -0.0126 1590 1.1361 1591 0.9339 1592 0.8739 1593 1.1676 1594 -0.5865 1595 -1.261 1596 -1.2507 1597 -1.4505 1598 -1.6108 1599 -0.909 1600 0.0739 1601 -0.2509 1602 -0.0263 1603 0.1796 1604 1.0046 1605 0.3838 1606 -0.5989 1607 -0.7596 1608 0.0979 1609 0.1515 1610 -0.589 1611 0.0819 1612 -0.4062 1613 -0.0681 1614 -0.2565 1615 0.6806 1616 -0.619 1617 0.41 1618 0.0934 1619 0.6461 1620 -0.3842 1621 0.8338 1622 0.4871 1623 0.1802 1624 0.267 1625 0.3244 1626 0.6182 1627 0.9144 1628 1.9346 1629 0.6174 1630 1.3239 1631 1.4825 1632 1.0339 1633 0.7059 1634 0.537 1635 0.366 1636 -0.6432 1637 -0.3327 1638 0.4867 1639 0.3204 1640 0.2473 1641 0.8747 1642 1.0333 1643 1.0776 1644 1.4976 1645 0.6842 1646 0.717 1647 0.0102 1648 1.1049 1649 1.4337 1650 0.2725 1651 0.7761 1652 1.5924 1653 1.3553 1654 0.9747 1655 1.4872 1656 0.9293 1657 0.1879 1658 0.7763 1659 1.7653 1660 2.2969 1661 1.5321 1662 1.1809 1663 0.4349 1664 -0.5507 1665 1.075 1666 0.9079 1667 0.3901 1668 0.9585 1669 1.0801 1670 1.2251 1671 -0.4678 1672 0.4372 1673 1.2231 1674 0.6546 1675 0.4869 1676 -0.0303 1677 0.0935 1678 -0.4243 1679 -0.9032 1680 1.1083 1681 0.9489 1682 1.0392 1683 0.6684 1684 -0.3994 1685 0.5732 1686 0.5075 1687 0.5369 1688 0.3869 1689 0.3213 1690 -0.0442 1691 0.2523 1692 1.2853 1693 1.2059 1694 1.087 1695 1.1926 1696 0.9037 1697 1.3352 1698 2.0039 1699 1.9027 1700 1.1805 1701 1.54 1702 0.5278 1703 0.6085 1704 -0.1243 1705 -0.8691 1706 -0.061 1707 0.4604 1708 1.1571 1709 0.3189 1710 -0.3435 1711 -0.2558 1712 0.396 1713 1.5134 1714 0.4199 1715 0.4777 1716 0.3004 1717 0.1617 1718 -1.5381 1719 -0.3912 1720 -0.3548 1721 0.8237 1722 1.4755 1723 1.8638 1724 -0.1566 1725 -0.446 1726 0.1772 1727 -0.6682 1728 -0.9489 1729 0.7537 1730 -1.0951 1731 -0.392 1732 0.2531 1733 -0.2617 1734 -0.1671 1735 0.1258 1736 0.0783 1737 0.2989 1738 0.2966 1739 0.1627 1740 -0.3228 1741 0.2714 1742 0.1636 1743 -1.1592 1744 -0.3712 1745 -0.152 1746 0.8438 1747 0.9224 1748 1.2524 1749 1.9641 1750 2.1972 1751 0.7272 1752 1.1256 1753 0.8141 1754 -0.2118 1755 0.1719 1756 0.9436 1757 0.7566 1758 0.1675 1759 -0.0375 1760 1.6791 1761 0.5569 1762 -1.4826 1763 -1.0051 1764 -2.1554 1765 -1.9679 1766 -1.4451 1767 -1.1868 1768 -1.0458 1769 -0.0233 1770 -0.5427 1771 0.3984 1772 0.3714 1773 0.1077 1774 0.3486 1775 0.4821 1776 1.05 1777 0.4995 1778 0.5961 1779 0.6776 1780 0.6067 1781 1.6101 1782 2.1409 1783 1.1855 1784 0.3399 1785 -0.1579 1786 -0.7522 1787 -0.358 1788 -1.4603 1789 -1.4817 1790 -0.3325 1791 -0.4661 1792 -0.2984 1793 0.6368 1794 0.1836 1795 -0.1921 1796 -0.5092 1797 -1.249 1798 -0.1985 1799 0.4575 1800 0.1663 1801 -0.2138 1802 0.444 1803 0.5062 1804 -0.2295 1805 0.5438 1806 0.0608 1807 -0.0847 1808 0.6604 1809 1.6786 1810 0.9068 1811 0.1424 1812 0.4789 1813 1.3213 1814 1.3683 1815 0.5772 1816 0.4419 1817 0.0806 1818 -0.0867 1819 0.5695 1820 0.3749 1821 0.4985 1822 -0.0285 1823 -0.5452 1824 0.4797 1825 -0.0489 1826 -0.1912 1827 0.4226 1828 -0.3995 1829 0.691 1830 0.0935 1831 0.4346 1832 0.4821 1833 0.8958 1834 0.8985 1835 1.0797 1836 0.9959 1837 -0.455 1838 -0.0394 1839 0.2808 1840 0.6969 1841 0.543 1842 0.7113 1843 0.0113 1844 0.1461 1845 0.2505 1846 0.4263 1847 -0.3693 1848 -1.7797 1849 0.0184 1850 0.4078 1851 -0.0588 1852 0.1109 1853 0.5473 1854 1.6534 1855 0.9664 1856 1.6544 1857 1.4008 1858 1.9384 1859 0.9119 1860 1.4995 1861 1.832 1862 0.9049 1863 0.3204 1864 -0.0164 1865 -0.1968 1866 0.7918 1867 0.3917 1868 -0.055 1869 0.5121 1870 0.5427 1871 0.8124 1872 0.6465 1873 1.0651 1874 0.3424 1875 0.8235 1876 0.481 1877 0.0109 1878 1.3012 1879 0.8499 1880 1.7773 1881 1.2119 1882 0.7392 1883 1.201 1884 1.3182 1885 0.1343 1886 0.0447 1887 0.6779 1888 0.0724 1889 -0.4652 1890 -0.9444 1891 -1.3313 1892 -0.0225 1893 0.5366 1894 0.6481 1895 -0.0434 1896 -0.2014 1897 -0.2014 1898 0.6768 1899 1.4375 1900 0.4085 0.7936 1901 7.86E-03 0.6872 1902 0.9057 0.1923 1903 -0.303 0.8337 1904 -0.5679 0.8961 1905 0.8642 0.0978 1906 0.5578 0.2051 1907 -0.2649 0.1681 1908 0.229 -0.6415 1909 -0.0483 -0.7513 1910 -0.2873 1.3077 1911 -0.6959 0.5615 1912 -0.3592 -0.1378 1913 -0.2694 0.0306 1914 0.3255 -0.4371 1915 -6.73E-03 -0.244 1916 0.0528 -0.7726 1917 -0.2806 -0.743 1918 -0.8676 -0.5382 1919 -0.2873 -1.0115 1920 -1.3311 -1.6027 1921 -0.7026 -1.1141 1922 -0.0741 -0.3287 1923 0.2851 0.1491 1924 0.3558 0.5054 1925 0.4983 0.2316 1926 0.9394 -0.0273 1927 -0.0932 -0.7825 1928 0.5499 0.2384 1929 0.5993 1.5348 1930 -0.5948 1.4962 1931 1.3288 1.0498 1932 0.6667 1.424 1933 -0.3434 0.4386 1934 1.3771 0.6349 1935 0.5466 0.8103 1936 1.4927 1.7675 1937 0.2211 0.6334 1938 -0.0965 1.1664 1939 0.1953 0.5478 1940 2.2671 0.6236 1941 2.2559 0.4682 1942 0.5241 0.7859 1943 0.468 -0.0686 1944 -0.0258 0.2561 1945 -0.5275 0.6384 1946 -0.4523 -0.2767 1947 0.6442 -0.5093 1948 -0.789 -0.235 1949 -1.1672 -0.8878 1950 -1.9001 -1.7467 1951 -1.1336 -1.0887 1952 -1.1964 -1.9995 1953 -0.4332 -1.6306 1954 -0.8822 -0.5551 1955 -1.8552 -1.7536 1956 -2.4916 -0.7417 1957 -0.1863 -0.6918 1958 0.7744 -0.8878 1959 -0.4714 -1.278 1960 0.101 -1.0063 1961 -0.0561 -0.5205 1962 -1.4815 -1.2128 1963 -0.7924 -1.5357 1964 -1.6195 -1.2568 1965 -0.1942 -0.7516 1966 -0.853 -0.9629 1967 -1.44 -1.2297 1968 -0.8934 -0.8828 1969 -0.6207 -0.0579 1970 0.2806 -5.88E-03 1971 -1.9978 -0.7848 1972 -2.1807 -2.1063 1973 -0.9237 -1.5751 1974 -0.8305 -0.8669 1975 -1.2525 0.1869 1976 -1.1403 -1.0758 1977 0.303 -0.0591 1978 1.1268 0.9168 1979 0.6588 -0.1727 1980 1.22 0.5784 1981 1.3737 1.6069 1982 -0.4108 0.3783 1983 1.9686 1.4086 1984 1.523 1.8174 1985 0.0898 0.9414 1986 1.6352 1.4983 1987 2.092 2.6202 1988 1.138 1.5984 1989 -0.4489 1990 -0.1605 1991 -1.0393 1992 0.9136 1993 1.3401 1994 0.9585 1995 0.9428 1996 1.5455 1997 1.1268 1998 1.2952 1999 -0.725 2000 0.0269 2001 -0.2537 2002 -0.7104 2003 1.1452 2004 0.5765